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Obstructive Sleep Apnea
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is often overlooked by clinicians; however, undiagnosed OSA can lead to negative outcomes for patients, including patients with underlying neurologic conditions. Clinicians should be aware of what questions to ask, what diagnostic tests to use, and what treatments to consider in patients with OSA. RECENT FINDINGS OSA influences many neurologic conditions, including stroke, epilepsy, headache, and neuromuscular conditions. Treatment of OSA is effective, especially with patient-tailored options, the correct education, and support. SUMMARY OSA is a serious medical condit...
Source: CONTINUUM: Lifelong Learning in Neurology - August 1, 2020 Category: Neurology Tags: REVIEW ARTICLES Source Type: research

Ischemic Stroke in Young Adults
This article reviews current knowledge on epidemiology, risk factors and causes, diagnostic considerations, management, and prognosis of ischemic stroke in young adults (those 55 years old and younger). RECENT FINDINGS The incidence of ischemic stroke in young adults has been increasing since the 1980s, which has occurred in parallel with increasing prevalence of vascular risk factors and substance abuse among the younger population. Young adults have a considerably wider range of risk factors than older patients, including age-specific factors such as pregnancy/puerperium and oral contraceptive use. Behavioral risk fac...
Source: CONTINUUM: Lifelong Learning in Neurology - April 1, 2020 Category: Neurology Tags: REVIEW ARTICLES Source Type: research

Sleep-Disordered Breathing
ABSTRACT: Purpose of Review: Sleep-disordered breathing encompasses a broad spectrum of sleep-related breathing disorders, including obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), central sleep apnea, as well as sleep-related hypoventilation and hypoxemia. Diagnostic criteria have been updated in the International Classification of Sleep Disorders, Third Edition and the American Academy of Sleep Medicine Manual for Scoring Sleep and Associated Events. Neurologic providers should have basic knowledge and skills to identify at-risk patients, as these disorders are associated with substantial morbidity, the treatment of which is largely reve...
Source: CONTINUUM: Lifelong Learning in Neurology - August 1, 2017 Category: Neurology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research

Arterial Ischemic Stroke in Children and Young Adults
This article reviews risk factors, recurrence risk, evaluation, management, and outcomes of arterial ischemic stroke in children and young adults. Recent Findings: The risk for recurrence and mortality appear to be low for neonatal and childhood stroke. Most children have relatively mild deficits, but those who have greater neurologic deficits, poststroke epilepsy, or strokes early in life are at risk for lower overall cognitive function. Stroke recurrence and long-term mortality after stroke in young adults are greater than originally thought. Cognitive impairments, depression, and anxiety are associated with higher leve...
Source: CONTINUUM: Lifelong Learning in Neurology - February 1, 2017 Category: Neurology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research