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Cerebral Small Vessel Disease
This article reviews the clinical significance and neuroimaging characteristics of cerebral small vessel disease and the impact on neurologic disease and current and potential therapeutic approaches. RECENT FINDINGS Cerebral small vessel disease is increasingly prevalent and highly heterogeneous in neuroimaging and clinical presentation. Small subcortical infarcts, lacunes, cerebral microbleeds, cortical microinfarcts, and white matter hyperintensity of presumed vascular origin represent the major neuroimaging markers of small vessel disease. Increasing small vessel disease burden is associated with risk of incident str...
Source: CONTINUUM: Lifelong Learning in Neurology - April 1, 2020 Category: Neurology Tags: REVIEW ARTICLES Source Type: research

Inherited and Uncommon Causes of Stroke
This article is a practical guide to identifying uncommon causes of stroke and offers guidance for evaluation and management, even when large controlled trials are lacking in these rarer forms of stroke. Recent Findings: Fabry disease causes early-onset stroke, particularly of the vertebrobasilar system; enzyme replacement therapy should be considered in affected patients. Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL), often misdiagnosed as multiple sclerosis, causes migraines, early-onset lacunar strokes, and dementia. Moyamoya disease can cause either ischemic or he...
Source: CONTINUUM: Lifelong Learning in Neurology - February 1, 2017 Category: Neurology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research

The Mental Status Examination in Patients With Suspected Dementia
This article describes a comprehensive approach to the mental status examination and diagnostic workup of patients suspected of having an emerging neurodegenerative dementia. Key strategies for obtaining a history and bedside examination techniques are highlighted. Recent Findings: Classic descriptions of behavioral neurology syndromes were largely based on clinicopathologic correlations of strategic lesions in stroke patients. While still very important, advances in neuroimaging have expanded our armamentarium of cognitive evaluations to include assessments of findings in nonstroke anatomic distributions of disease. Thes...
Source: CONTINUUM: Lifelong Learning in Neurology - April 1, 2016 Category: Neurology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research