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Virtual Reality Design for Stroke Rehabilitation.
Authors: Charles D, Holmes D, Charles T, McDonough S Abstract Stroke is a leading cause of disability, and with the stroke survivor population rising in most countries it is increasingly difficult to provide optimal treatment to patients once they return home. Assistive technology solutions can potentially contribute to meeting demand, and also be cost effective. In this chapter, we consider the design and development of engaging serious virtual reality (VR) games for upper arm stroke rehabilitation. Fundamental design principles are summarised and related to our experience of creating game-based VR rehabilitation....
Source: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology - June 4, 2020 Category: Research Tags: Adv Exp Med Biol Source Type: research

Motor Lateralization Provides a Foundation for Predicting and Treating Non-paretic Arm Motor Deficits in Stroke.
We present a pilot study focused on improving the speed and coordination of ipsilesional arm function in a convenience sample of three stroke patients with severe contralesional impairment. Over a three-week period, patients received a total of nine 1.5 h sessions of training that included intense practice of virtual reality and real-life tasks. Our results indicated substantial improvements in ipsilesional arm movement kinematics, functional performance, and that these improvements carried over to improve functional independence. In addition, the contralesional arm improved in our measure of contralesional impairment, wh...
Source: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology - January 1, 2017 Category: Research Tags: Adv Exp Med Biol Source Type: research

Pericytes in Ischemic Stroke.
Authors: Dalkara T, Alarcon-Martinez L, Yemisci M Abstract Recent stroke research has shifted the focus to the microvasculature from neuron-centric views. It is increasingly recognized that a successful neuroprotection is not feasible without microvascular protection. On the other hand, recent studies on pericytes, long-neglected cells on microvessels have provided insight into the regulation of microcirculation. Pericytes play an essential role in matching the metabolic demand of nervous tissue with the blood flow in addition to regulating the development and maintenance of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), leukocyte...
Source: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology - June 1, 2019 Category: Research Tags: Adv Exp Med Biol Source Type: research

Can Motor Recovery in Stroke Be Improved by Non-invasive Brain Stimulation?
Authors: Rothwell JC Abstract At the present time, there is enormous interest in methods of non-invasive brain stimulation. These interact with ongoing neural activity, mainly in cerebral cortex, and have measureable effects on behaviours in healthy people. More intriguingly, they appear to have effects on synaptic plasticity that persist even after stimulation has ceased. This has led, as might be expected, to the proposal that brain stimulation methods might be therapeutically useful in rehabilitation. The rationale is that physical therapy involves learning new patterns of activity to compensate for those lost t...
Source: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology - January 1, 2017 Category: Research Tags: Adv Exp Med Biol Source Type: research

Sumoylation: Implications for Neurodegenerative Diseases.
Authors: Anderson DB, Zanella CA, Henley JM, Cimarosti H Abstract The covalent posttranslational modifications of proteins are critical events in signaling cascades that enable cells to efficiently, rapidly and reversibly respond to extracellular stimuli. This is especially important in the CNS where the processes affecting synaptic communication between neurons are highly complex and very tightly regulated. Sumoylation regulates the function and fate of a diverse array of proteins and participates in the complex cell signaling pathways required for cell survival. One of the most complex signaling pathways is synap...
Source: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology - February 17, 2017 Category: Research Tags: Adv Exp Med Biol Source Type: research

Central Poststroke Pain, Comorbidity, and Associated Symptoms in Animal and Human Models.
The objective of the present review paper was to comprehensively introduce the pain symptom and comorbidities of depression, anxiety, and learning and memory dysfunctions in the central poststroke pain (CPSP) of human and animal models. CPSP is a disease in which the lesion or dysfunction of the spinothalamocortical circuits is due to thalamic stroke hemorrhage. According to previous literature, CPSP patients experience impaired explicit and implicit learning and memory in addition to the pain symptom. Moreover, there are associated depression and anxiety comorbidities for CPSP. However, the data from some clinical studies...
Source: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology - October 13, 2018 Category: Research Tags: Adv Exp Med Biol Source Type: research

Teaching with Disruptive Technology: The Use of Augmented, Virtual, and Mixed Reality (HoloLens) for Disease Education
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2021;1317:147-162. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-61125-5_8.ABSTRACTModern technologies are often utilised in schools or universities with a variety of educational goals in mind. Of particular interest is the enhanced interactivity and engagement offered by mixed reality devices such as the HoloLens, as well as the ability to explore anatomical models of disease using augmented and virtual realities. As the students are required to learn an ever-increasing number of diseases within a university health science or medical degree, it is crucial to consider which technologies provide value to educators and students. ...
Source: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology - May 4, 2021 Category: Research Authors: Zane Stromberga Charlotte Phelps Jessica Smith Christian Moro Source Type: research

DEG/ENaC Ion Channels in the Function of the Nervous System: From Worm to Man
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2021;1349:165-192. doi: 10.1007/978-981-16-4254-8_9.ABSTRACTDEG/ENaC channels are voltage-independent Na+/Ca2+ channels that are conserved across species and are expressed in many different cell types and tissues, where they contribute to a wide array of physiological functions from transepithelial Na+ transport, to sensory perception, and learning and memory. In this chapter, we focus on the members of this family that are expressed in the nervous system, grouping them based on their function. Structurally, DEG/ENaC channels are trimers formed by either identical or homologous subunits, each one protrudi...
Source: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology - February 9, 2022 Category: Research Authors: Laura Bianchi Source Type: research