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Domain-general subregions of the medial prefrontal cortex contribute to recovery of language after stroke
AbstractWe hypothesized that the recovery of speech production after left hemisphere stroke not only depends on the integrity of language-specialized brain systems, but also on ‘domain-general’ brain systems that have much broader functional roles. The presupplementary motor area/dorsal anterior cingulate forms part of the cingular-opercular network, which has a broad role in cognition and learning. Consequently, we have previously suggested that variability in the rec overy of speech production after aphasic stroke may relate in part to differences in patients’ abilities to engage this domain-general brain region. T...
Source: Brain - June 27, 2017 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Neural substrates underlying stimulation-enhanced motor skill learning after stroke
Motor skill learning is one of the key components of motor function recovery after stroke, especially recovery driven by neurorehabilitation. Transcranial direct current stimulation can enhance neurorehabilitation and motor skill learning in stroke patients. However, the neural mechanisms underlying the retention of stimulation-enhanced motor skill learning involving a paretic upper limb have not been resolved. These neural substrates were explored by means of functional magnetic resonance imaging. Nineteen chronic hemiparetic stroke patients participated in a double-blind, cross-over randomized, sham-controlled experiment...
Source: Brain - January 6, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Lefebvre, S., Dricot, L., Laloux, P., Gradkowski, W., Desfontaines, P., Evrard, F., Peeters, A., Jamart, J., Vandermeeren, Y. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

A data-driven approach to post-stroke aphasia classification and lesion-based prediction
AbstractAphasia is an acquired impairment in the production or comprehension of language, typically caused by left hemisphere stroke. The subtyping framework used in clinical aphasiology today is based on the Wernicke-Lichtheim model of aphasia formulated in the late 19th century, which emphasizes the distinction between language production and comprehension. The current study used a data-driven approach that combined modern statistical, machine learning, and neuroimaging tools to examine behavioural deficit profiles and their lesion correlates and predictors in a large cohort of individuals with post-stroke aphasia. First...
Source: Brain - May 27, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Reply: Lesion network mapping predicts post-stroke behavioural deficits and improves localization
In their letter to the editor, Cohen and colleagues1 commented on our study2 in which we compared different structural and functional MRI methods to predict behavioural deficits in a large cohort of subacute stroke patients.3 Specifically, we estimated behavioural deficits in different domains (language, vision, motor, attention, and memory) using: (i) lesion location and size; (ii) structural disconnection of white matter pathways estimated in a healthy control atlas (SDC); (iii) functional disconnection of brain networks (FDC) estimated in healthy controls using an approach similar, but not identical to lesion-network ma...
Source: Brain - May 5, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Randomized trial of iReadMore word reading training and brain stimulation in central alexia
AbstractCentral alexia is an acquired reading disorder co-occurring with a generalized language deficit (aphasia). We tested the impact of a novel training app, ‘iReadMore’, and anodal transcranial direct current stimulation of the left inferior frontal gyrus, on word reading ability in central alexia. The trial was registered atwww.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02062619). Twenty-one chronic stroke patients with central alexia participated. A baseline-controlled, repeated-measures, crossover design was used. Participants completed two 4-week blocks of iReadMore training, one with anodal stimulation and one with sham stimulati...
Source: Brain - June 15, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Intrinsic functional connectivity differentiates minimally conscious from unresponsive patients
Despite advances in resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging investigations, clinicians remain with the challenge of how to implement this paradigm on an individualized basis. Here, we assessed the clinical relevance of resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging acquisitions in patients with disorders of consciousness by means of a systems-level approach. Three clinical centres collected data from 73 patients in minimally conscious state, vegetative state/unresponsive wakefulness syndrome and coma. The main analysis was performed on the data set coming from one centre (Liège) including 51 patient...
Source: Brain - August 24, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Demertzi, A., Antonopoulos, G., Heine, L., Voss, H. U., Crone, J. S., de Los Angeles, C., Bahri, M. A., Di Perri, C., Vanhaudenhuyse, A., Charland-Verville, V., Kronbichler, M., Trinka, E., Phillips, C., Gomez, F., Tshibanda, L., Soddu, A., Schiff, N. D., Tags: CNS Injury and Stroke Original Articles Source Type: research

Disconnection between the default mode network and medial temporal lobes in post-traumatic amnesia
See Bigler (doi:10.1093/aww277) for a scientific commentary on this article. Post-traumatic amnesia is very common immediately after traumatic brain injury. It is characterized by a confused, agitated state and a pronounced inability to encode new memories and sustain attention. Clinically, post-traumatic amnesia is an important predictor of functional outcome. However, despite its prevalence and functional importance, the pathophysiology of post-traumatic amnesia is not understood. Memory processing relies on limbic structures such as the hippocampus, parahippocampus and parts of the cingulate cortex. These structures are...
Source: Brain - December 1, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: De Simoni, S., Grover, P. J., Jenkins, P. O., Honeyfield, L., Quest, R. A., Ross, E., Scott, G., Wilson, M. H., Majewska, P., Waldman, A. D., Patel, M. C., Sharp, D. J. Tags: CNS Injury and Stroke Original Articles Source Type: research