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Total 153 results found since Jan 2013.
Right hemisphere grey matter structure and language outcomes in chronic left hemisphere stroke
The neural mechanisms underlying recovery of language after left hemisphere stroke remain elusive. Although older evidence suggested that right hemisphere language homologues compensate for damage in left hemisphere language areas, the current prevailing theory suggests that right hemisphere engagement is ineffective or even maladaptive. Using a novel combination of support vector regression-based lesion-symptom mapping and voxel-based morphometry, we aimed to determine whether local grey matter volume in the right hemisphere independently contributes to aphasia outcomes after chronic left hemisphere stroke. Thirty-two lef...
Source: Brain - January 8, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Xing, S., Lacey, E. H., Skipper-Kallal, L. M., Jiang, X., Harris-Love, M. L., Zeng, J., Turkeltaub, P. E. Tags: CNS Injury and Stroke Original Articles Source Type: research
Coherent neural oscillations predict future motor and language improvement after stroke
This study investigated whether the coherence of neural oscillations at language or motor nodes is associated with future clinical improvement. Twenty-four stroke patients underwent high-density EEG recordings and standardized motor and language tests at 2–3 weeks (T0) and 3 months (T1) after stroke onset. In addition, EEG and motor assessments were obtained from a second population of 18 stroke patients. The graph theoretical measure of weighted node degree at language and motor areas was computed as the sum of absolute imaginary coherence with all other brain regions and compared to the amount of clinical improveme...
Source: Brain - September 25, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Nicolo, P., Rizk, S., Magnin, C., Pietro, M. D., Schnider, A., Guggisberg, A. G. Tags: CNS Injury and Stroke Original Articles Source Type: research
Delayed intramuscular human neurotrophin-3 improves recovery in adult and elderly rats after stroke
There is an urgent need for a therapy that reverses disability after stroke when initiated in a time frame suitable for the majority of new victims. We show here that intramuscular delivery of neurotrophin-3 (NT3, encoded by NTF3) can induce sensorimotor recovery when treatment is initiated 24 h after stroke. Specifically, in two randomized, blinded preclinical trials, we show improved sensory and locomotor function in adult (6 months) and elderly (18 months) rats treated 24 h following cortical ischaemic stroke with human NT3 delivered using a clinically approved serotype of adeno-associated viral vector (AAV1). Important...
Source: Brain - January 8, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Duricki, D. A., Hutson, T. H., Kathe, C., Soleman, S., Gonzalez-Carter, D., Petruska, J. C., Shine, H. D., Chen, Q., Wood, T. C., Bernanos, M., Cash, D., Williams, S. C. R., Gage, F. H., Moon, L. D. F. Tags: CNS Injury and Stroke Original Articles Source Type: research
Enhanced phasic GABA inhibition during the repair phase of stroke: a novel therapeutic target
Ischaemic stroke is the leading cause of severe long-term disability yet lacks drug therapies that promote the repair phase of recovery. This repair phase of stroke occurs days to months after stroke onset and involves brain remapping and plasticity within the peri-infarct zone. Elucidating mechanisms that promote this plasticity is critical for the development of new therapeutics with a broad treatment window. Inhibiting tonic (extrasynaptic) GABA signalling during the repair phase was reported to enhance functional recovery in mice suggesting that GABA plays an important function in modulating brain repair. While tonic G...
Source: Brain - January 29, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Hiu, T., Farzampour, Z., Paz, J. T., Wang, E. H. J., Badgely, C., Olson, A., Micheva, K. D., Wang, G., Lemmens, R., Tran, K. V., Nishiyama, Y., Liang, X., Hamilton, S. A., ORourke, N., Smith, S. J., Huguenard, J. R., Bliss, T. M., Steinberg, G. K. Tags: CNS Injury and Stroke Original Articles Source Type: research
Connectivity measures are robust biomarkers of cortical function and plasticity after stroke
This study examined specific electroencephalography cortical connectivity measures as biomarkers by assessing their relationship with motor deficits across 28 days of intensive therapy. Resting-state connectivity measures were acquired four times using dense array (256 leads) electroencephalography in 12 hemiparetic patients (7.3 ± 4.0 months post-stroke, age 26–75 years, six male/six female) across 28 days of intensive therapy targeting arm motor deficits. Structural magnetic resonance imaging measured corticospinal tract injury and infarct volume. At baseline, connectivity with leads overlying ipsilesional p...
Source: Brain - July 23, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Wu, J., Quinlan, E. B., Dodakian, L., McKenzie, A., Kathuria, N., Zhou, R. J., Augsburger, R., See, J., Le, V. H., Srinivasan, R., Cramer, S. C. Tags: CNS Injury and Stroke Original Articles Source Type: research
Electrical stimulation of the motor cortex enhances treatment outcome in post-stroke aphasia
See Fink et al. (doi:10.1093/aww034) for a scientific commentary on this article.
Transcranial direct current stimulation has shown promise to improve recovery in patients with post-stroke aphasia, but previous studies have only assessed stimulation effects on impairment parameters, and evidence for long-term maintenance of transcranial direct current stimulation effects from randomized, controlled trials is lacking. Moreover, due to the variability of lesions and functional language network reorganization after stroke, recent studies have used advanced functional imaging or current modelling to determine optimal stimulati...
Source: Brain - March 23, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Meinzer, M., Darkow, R., Lindenberg, R., Flöel, A. Tags: CNS Injury and Stroke Original Articles Source Type: research
Brain activity underlying tool-related and imitative skills after major left hemisphere stroke
Apraxia is a debilitating cognitive motor disorder that frequently occurs after left hemisphere stroke and affects tool-associated and imitative skills. However, the severity of the apraxic deficits varies even across patients with similar lesions. This variability raises the question whether regions outside the left hemisphere network typically associated with cognitive motor tasks in healthy subjects are of additional functional relevance. To investigate this hypothesis, we explored regions where functional magnetic resonance imaging activity is associated with better cognitive motor performance in patients with left hem...
Source: Brain - April 25, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Martin, M., Nitschke, K., Beume, L., Dressing, A., Bühler, L. E., Ludwig, V. M., Mader, I., Rijntjes, M., Kaller, C. P., Weiller, C. Tags: CNS Injury and Stroke Original Articles Source Type: research
Dissociated functional connectivity profiles for motor and attention deficits in acute right-hemisphere stroke
We report a double dissociation between abnormal functional connectivity patterns and attention and motor deficits, respectively. Attention deficits were significantly more correlated with abnormal interhemispheric functional connectivity within the dorsal attention network than motor networks, while motor deficits were significantly more correlated with abnormal interhemispheric functional connectivity patterns within the motor networks than dorsal attention network. These findings indicate that functional connectivity patterns in structurally normal cortex following a stroke link abnormal physiology in brain networks to ...
Source: Brain - June 23, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Baldassarre, A., Ramsey, L., Rengachary, J., Zinn, K., Siegel, J. S., Metcalf, N. V., Strube, M. J., Snyder, A. Z., Corbetta, M., Shulman, G. L. Tags: CNS Injury and Stroke Original Articles Source Type: research
Lesion mapping of stroke-related erectile dysfunction
In conclusion, our voxel-wise analysis indicates that deteriorating erectile function after stroke is associated with lesions in the right occipito-parietal and thalamic areas integrating visual and somatosensory information, as well as lesions in the left insular and adjacent parieto-temporal areas contributing to generating and mapping visceral arousal states.
Source: Brain - April 18, 2017 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Pyramidal neurons of the prefrontal cortex in post-stroke, vascular and other ageing-related dementias
Dementia associated with cerebrovascular disease is common. It has been reported that ~30% of elderly patients who survive stroke develop delayed dementia (post-stroke dementia), with most cases being diagnosed as vascular dementia. The pathological substrates associated with post-stroke or vascular dementia are poorly understood, particularly those associated with executive dysfunction. Three separate yet interconnecting circuits control executive function within the frontal lobe involving the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex and the orbitofrontal cortex. We used stereological methods, along with ...
Source: Brain - August 13, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Foster, V., Oakley, A. E., Slade, J. Y., Hall, R., Polvikoski, T. M., Burke, M., Thomas, A. J., Khundakar, A., Allan, L. M., Kalaria, R. N. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Regulatory T cells ameliorate tissue plasminogen activator-induced brain haemorrhage after stroke
This study assessed the impact of regulatory T cells in the context of tPA-induced brain haemorrhage and investigated the underlying mechanisms of action. The number of circulating regulatory T cells in stroke patients was dramatically reduced soon after stroke onset (84 acute ischaemic stroke patients with or without intravenous tPA treatment, compared to 115 age and gender-matched healthy controls). Although stroke patients wit hout tPA treatment gradually repopulated the numbers of circulating regulatory T cells within the first 7 days after stroke, post-ischaemic tPA treatment led to sustained suppression of regulatory...
Source: Brain - May 22, 2017 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Stroke outcomes are worse with larger leukoaraiosis volumes
In conclusion, white matter hyperintensity volume independently correlates with stroke outcomes in acute ischaemic stroke. There are some suggestions that stroke outcomes may be affected by leukoaraiosis differentially depending on stroke subtypes, to be confirmed in future investigations.</span>
Source: Brain - December 21, 2016 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Frontal white matter hyperintensities, clasmatodendrosis and gliovascular abnormalities in ageing and post-stroke dementia
White matter hyperintensities as seen on brain T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging are associated with varying degrees of cognitive dysfunction in stroke, cerebral small vessel disease and dementia. The pathophysiological mechanisms within the white matter accounting for cognitive dysfunction remain unclear. With the hypothesis that gliovascular interactions are impaired in subjects with high burdens of white matter hyperintensities, we performed clinicopathological studies in post-stroke survivors, who had exhibited greater frontal white matter hyperintensities volumes that predicted shorter time to dementia onset. His...
Source: Brain - January 8, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Chen, A., Akinyemi, R. O., Hase, Y., Firbank, M. J., Ndungu, M. N., Foster, V., Craggs, L. J. L., Washida, K., Okamoto, Y., Thomas, A. J., Polvikoski, T. M., Allan, L. M., Oakley, A. E., OBrien, J. T., Horsburgh, K., Ihara, M., Kalaria, R. N. Tags: Dementia Original Articles Source Type: research
Migraine and risk of stroke: a national population-based twin study
In conclusion, we observed no increased stroke risk related to migraine overall but there was a modestly increased risk for stroke related to migraine with aura, and within-pair analyses suggested that familial factors might contribute to this association.
Source: Brain - September 26, 2017 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Comparing language outcomes in monolingual and bilingual stroke patients
Post-stroke prognoses are usually inductive, generalizing trends learned from one group of patients, whose outcomes are known, to make predictions for new patients. Research into the recovery of language function is almost exclusively focused on monolingual stroke patients, but bilingualism is the norm in many parts of the world. If bilingual language recruits qualitatively different networks in the brain, prognostic models developed for monolinguals might not generalize well to bilingual stroke patients. Here, we sought to establish how applicable post-stroke prognostic models, trained with monolingual patient data, are t...
Source: Brain - March 23, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Hope, T. M. H., Parker Jones, Ōiwi, Grogan, A., Crinion, J., Rae, J., Ruffle, L., Leff, A. P., Seghier, M. L., Price, C. J., Green, D. W. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
