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Air Pollution: A Neglected Risk Factor for Dementia in Latin America and the Caribbean
The risk of dementia and Alzheimer's disease in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) rises with increasing age and polluted air. Currently, at least 172 million people breathe unhealthy levels of air pollution in LAC countries. Several cohort studies have indicated that air pollution increases the risk of developing dementia and neurodegenerative diseases, but the mechanisms underlying the association are still not clear. Air pollution causes and aggravates five established risk factors for dementia (obesity, hypertension, stroke, diabetes mellitus, and heart diseases) and is linked to three other risk factors (physical i...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - July 22, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

RNF213 and GUCY1A3 in Moyamoya Disease: Key Regulators of Metabolism, Inflammation, and Vascular Stability
Moyamoya disease is an idiopathic chronically progressive cerebrovascular disease, which causes both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. Genetic studies identified RNF213/Mysterin and GUCY1A3 as disease-causing genes. They were also known to be associated with non-moyamoya intracranial large artery disease, coronary artery disease and pulmonary artery hypertension. This review focused on these two molecules and their strong linker, calcineurin/NFAT signaling and caveolin to understand the pathophysiology of moyamoya disease and related vascular diseases. They are important regulators of lipid metabolism especially lipotoxicit...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - July 26, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Hypertension With High Homocysteine Is Associated With Default Network Gray Matter Loss
Hypertension with high homocysteine (Hcy, ≥10 μmol/L) is also known as H-type hypertension (HHT) and proposed as an independent risk factor for stroke and cognitive impairment. Although previous studies have established the relationships among hypertension, Hcy levels, and cognitive impairment, how they affect brain neuroanatomy remains unclear. Thus, we aimed to investigate whether and to what extent hypertension and high Hcy may affect gray matter volume in 52 middle-aged HHT patients and 51 demographically matched normotensive subjects. Voxel-based morphological analysis suggested that HHT patients experienced signif...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - September 28, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Neurophysiological Examinations as Adjunctive Tool to Imaging Techniques in Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage: IRONHEART Study
Conclusion: Together with the clinical symptoms, the volume of bleeding, perihematomal edema (or their combined volume), and neurophysiological examinations like EEG and TMS play an important role in the neurological outcome of patients with ICH. This might affect the patients' rehabilitation plans in the future, since with the help of the examinations the subset of patients with potential for recovery could be identified.
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - October 27, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Evaluating 68GaGa-p14-032 as a Novel PET Tracer for Diagnosis Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy
Conclusions: Our results provide early evidence that the [68Ga] Ga-p14-032 PET probe binds preferentially to vascular amyloid and may be a useful tracer for diagnosing CAA.
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - October 27, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Cerebral Venous Thrombosis: Clinical, Radiological, Biological, and Etiological Characteristics of a French Prospective Cohort (FPCCVT) —Comparison With ISCVT Cohort
Conclusions: We demonstrated that the FPCCVT cohort had radiological, biological, and etiological characteristics similar to the historical ISCVT cohort. Nevertheless, the initial clinical presentation was less severe in our study probably due to an improvement in diagnostic methods between the two studies.
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - November 8, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Interactions Between Kidney Function and Cerebrovascular Disease: Vessel Pathology That Fires Together Wires Together
The kidney and the brain, as high-flow end organs relying on autoregulatory mechanisms, have unique anatomic and physiological hemodynamic properties. Similarly, the two organs share a common pattern of microvascular dysfunction as a result of aging and exposure to vascular risk factors (e.g., hypertension, diabetes and smoking) and therefore progress in parallel into a systemic condition known as small vessel disease (SVD). Many epidemiological studies have shown that even mild renal dysfunction is robustly associated with acute and chronic forms of cerebrovascular disease. Beyond ischemic SVD, kidney impairment increases...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - November 24, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Association Between Preonset Anti-hypertensive Treatment and Intracerebral Hemorrhage Mortality: A Cohort Study From CHEERY
ConclusionsPreonset anti-hypertensive therapy was associated with lower mortality of ICH, which somewhat depended on hematoma volume.
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - March 7, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Eucommia ulmoides Oliver-Tribulus terrestris L. Drug Pair Regulates Ferroptosis by Mediating the Neurovascular-Related Ligand-Receptor Interaction Pathway- A Potential Drug Pair for Treatment Hypertension and Prevention Ischemic Stroke
ConclusionsThe active ingredients of EUO-TT drug pair may act on proteins associated with the neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction pathway to regulate ferroptosis in vascular neurons cells, ultimately affecting the onset and progression of hypertension.
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - March 8, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Cardiovascular Outcomes in Sleep-Disordered Breathing: Are We Under-estimating?
Obstructive sleep apnea is a growing health concern, affecting nearly one billion people worldwide; increasingly recognized as an independent cardiovascular risk factor associated with incident obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, arrhythmias, stroke, coronary artery disease, and heart failure. The prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea could be underestimated in the previous studies, leading to only modest predictions of cardiovascular outcomes. Using more physiologic data will increase sensitivity for the diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea. Individuals at high risk of obstructive sleep apnea should be identified s...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - March 15, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Vitamin D level is associated with rupture of intracranial aneurysm in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage
ConclusionVitamin D level is associated with rupture of intracranial aneurysm in patients with SAH. Patients with aneurysmal SAH have lower vitamin D levels than those with non-aneurysmal SAH.
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - August 11, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Case report: Dueling etiologies: Longitudinally extensive spinal cord lesion mimicking spinal cord infarct with simultaneous positive Lyme serology and amphiphysin antibody
ConclusionWe describe an unusual steroid-responsive, longitudinally extensive spinal cord lesion with radiological features of spinal cord infarct and a simultaneous finding of intrathecal Lyme antibodies and serum amphiphysin antibodies.
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - September 13, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

The relationship between vertebrobasilar artery calcification and intracranial atherosclerosis-related occlusion in thrombectomy
ConclusionsWe demonstrated that VBAC is an independent risk factor for ICAS-O in patients who underwent thrombectomy. Patients free of atrial fibrillation with VBAC have more trend to be ICAS-O.
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - October 4, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio predicts parenchymal hematoma after mechanical thrombectomy in basilar artery occlusion
ConclusionsPH occurred at a rate of 7.5% after EVT in patients with ABAO. Hypertension, higher baseline NIHSS, and higher NLR value increase the risk of PH after EVT for ABAO.
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - October 6, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Early diagnosis of intracranial atherosclerotic large vascular occlusion: A prediction model based on DIRECT-MT data
ConclusionOur current prediction model based on clinical data of patients from the DIRECT-MT trial might be a promising tool for predicting ICAS-LVO.
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - November 3, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

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