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Symptomatic Intracranial Hemorrhage With Tenecteplase vs Alteplase in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke
This cohort study evaluates rates of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage following stroke with tenecteplase vs alteplase.
Source: JAMA Neurology - May 30, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Building Evidence on Safety of Thrombolysis for Patients Receiving Direct Oral Anticoagulants
Nearly 20% of patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) are undergoing direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) treatment at the time of their stroke. Common indications for DOACs among these patients include stroke prevention from atrial fibrillation, treatment of venous and pulmonary thrombosis, and coronary and peripheral atherosclerotic disease. Novel indications for DOAC use are expected to emerge and may increase the proportion of patients with AIS who are undergoing treatment with DOACs. Current US and European acute stroke treatment guidelines recommend withholding intravenous thrombolysis (thrombolysis), a morbidity- and ...
Source: JAMA Neurology - January 3, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Intravenous Thrombolysis in Patients With Ischemic Stroke and Recent Ingestion of Direct Oral Anticoagulants
This cohort study evaluates the risk of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage associated with use of intravenous thrombolysis in patients with recent direct oral anticoagulant ingestion.
Source: JAMA Neurology - January 3, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Time for a New Perspective on Intracerebral Hemorrhage
More than 3 million people worldwide experience intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) each year. Although the incidence of ICH is much lower than that of ischemic stroke, ICH imposes a 50% greater worldwide burden of disability. ICH has a 30-day case fatality rate of more than 40%, and most survivors are left with permanent disabilities. Because of the high likelihood of poor outcomes, physicians caring for patients with ICH tend to use clinical severity scores early on to estimate the risk of mortality or future disability to determine the aggressiveness of medical care and to guide conversations with patients ’ surrogates aro...
Source: JAMA Neurology - July 25, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Twenty-Year Change in Severity and Outcome of Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Strokes
This cohort study assesses secular changes in initial neurological severity and short-term functional outcomes of patients with acute stroke by sex using a large population.
Source: JAMA Neurology - December 6, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Effects of Antiplatelet Therapy After Stroke Caused by Intracerebral Hemorrhage
A follow-up of the Restart or Stop Antithrombotics Randomized Trial, this study further examines the long-term effects of antiplatelet therapy after stroke caused by intracerebral hemorrhage.
Source: JAMA Neurology - September 3, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Association Between Intracerebral Hemorrhage and Subsequent Arterial Ischemic Events
This analysis of pooled cohort data from 4 popluation-based cohort studies evaluates whether intracerebral hemorrhage was associated with an increased risk of incident ischemic stroke and myocardial infarction.
Source: JAMA Neurology - May 3, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Risk of Hemorrhagic Stroke in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 —Reply
In Reply We thank Dr Silverman and colleagues for their interest in our study and providing us the opportunity to expand on our results. Among the 1916 patients who visited the emergency department or were hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in our study, 8 patients (0.4% [95% CI, 0.2%-0.8%]) had hemorrhagic stroke, including 7 with intracerebral hemorrhage and 1 with subarachnoid hemorrhage. Among these 8 patients, 4 strokes were attributed to anticoagulant use.
Source: JAMA Neurology - March 8, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Cerebral Microbleeds and Antithrombotic Treatments —Stop Worrying About Bleeding
Cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) are found in up to one-third of patients with ischemic stroke. Because of their hemorrhagic histopathological substrate, they have been historically associated with a risk of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). This has led to concerns about the safety of anticoagulation use in patients with CMBs even in the context of high risk of recurrent ischemic stroke, such as in atrial fibrillation. However, growing evidence suggests that CMBs are not only markers of bleeding propensity but also markers of future ischemic events. To further evaluate both types of risks, an assessment of the number and anatomi...
Source: JAMA Neurology - October 19, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Mechanical Thrombectomy for Acute Ischemic Stroke
Coutinho et al have performed a timely post hoc analysis consisting of a patient population from 2 large, prospective, core laboratory –adjudicated trials: Solitaire With the Intention for Thrombectomy (SWIFT) and Solitaire Flow Restoration Thrombectomy for Acute Revascularization (STAR), and their report appears in this issue ofJAMA Neurology. Given that 85% of the patients in mechanical thrombectomy (MT) trials received intravenous thrombolysis (IVT), they highlight an important group of patients in whom MT was successful without IVT. The recent IVT and MT trials have clearly established the new standard in therapy for...
Source: JAMA Neurology - January 9, 2017 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

SSRIs and Intracranial Hemorrhage
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are among the most commonly prescribed medications in the United States. A recent study using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database estimated that in 2012, 8.5% (95% CI, 6.9%-10.4%) of adults 20 years and older were prescribed SSRIs compared with a prevalence of 1.3% (95% CI, 1.0%-1.8%) for tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs). Although most of these prescriptions were likely for depression, SSRIs are being used for other indications; of particular interest to neurologists, SSRIs are being investigated and sometimes used to promote motor recovery after str...
Source: JAMA Neurology - December 5, 2016 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

The Dark Matter of Cerebral Microbleeds
To the Editor I read with interest the article by Tsivgoulis et al inJAMA Neurology on cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) and the risk for symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) after intravenous thrombolysis for acute stroke, as well as the accompanying Editorial by Fisher. This work follows and extends previous meta-analyses on a thorny topic for acute stroke neurology, demonstrating again that the presence of any number of CMBs on pretreatment magnetic resonance imaging is associated with more than doubling the risk for postthrombolysis ICH. Of importance, the authors provided new evidence from group-level and individual p...
Source: JAMA Neurology - August 15, 2016 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Dementia After Intracerebral Hemorrhage
As acute management of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) has improved, more patients survive ICH but are left with significant deficits. In the past, primary evaluations of outcomes after ICH have focused on mortality and levels of functional dependence, with a relatively modest number of patients experiencing true functional independence after ICH or returning to their previous level of functioning. Cognitive outcomes after ICH have thus not been a primary focus of either treatment or natural history studies of ICH, despite their known importance after ischemic stroke and their importance in predicting return to previous functioning.
Source: JAMA Neurology - June 13, 2016 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Cerebral Microbleeds, Cognition and Therapeutic Implications
A recent major clinical advance in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain is the development of paramagnetic-sensitive sequences such as T2-weighted gradient-recalled echo and susceptibility-weighted images for the detection of cerebral microbleeds (CMBs). On brain MRI, CMBs are small (≤5 to 10 mm in diameter), round, dark-signaled lesions that consist of extravasation of blood components through fragile microvascular walls that neuropathologically represent hemosiderin-laden macrophages. Magnetic resonance imaging–detected CMBs are common in elderly individuals, coexist with ischemic stroke and intracerebral he...
Source: JAMA Neurology - June 6, 2016 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Thrombolysis-Related Hemorrhage
Intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) improves outcomes when administered within 4.5 hours of symptom onset of ischemic stroke. Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) is the most feared complication after administration of intravenous tPA. The percentage of patients with a good functional outcome after sICH (as defined by the Safe Implementation of Thrombolysis in Stroke-Monitoring Study) following administration of tPA has been shown to be less than 7%, and mortality rates can be greater than 50%. Almost 2 decades after approval of intravenous tPA by the US Food and Drug Administration, our ability to prevent...
Source: JAMA Neurology - October 26, 2015 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

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