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Getting Closer to an Effective Intervention of Ischemic Stroke: The Big Promise of Stem Cell
AbstractStem cell therapy for ischemic stroke has widely been explored. Results from both preclinical and clinical studies have immensely supported the judicious use of stem cells as therapy. These provide an attractive means for preserving and replacing the damaged brain tissues following an ischemic attack. Since the past few years, researchers have used various types of stem cells to replenish insulted neuronal and glial cells in neurological disorders. In the present review, we discuss different types of stem cells employed for the treatment of ischemic stroke and mechanisms and challenges these cells face once introdu...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - October 26, 2017 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Novel Regenerative Therapies Based on Regionally Induced Multipotent Stem Cells in Post-Stroke Brains: Their Origin, Characterization, and Perspective
AbstractBrain injuries such as ischemic stroke cause severe neural loss. Until recently, it was believed that post-ischemic areas mainly contain necrotic tissue and inflammatory cells. However, using a mouse model of cerebral infarction, we demonstrated that stem cells develop within ischemic areas. Ischemia-induced stem cells can function as neural progenitors; thus, we initially named them injury/ischemia-induced neural stem/progenitor cells (iNSPCs). However, because they differentiate into more than neural lineages, we now refer to them as ischemia-induced multipotent stem cells (iSCs). Very recently, we showed that pu...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - July 25, 2017 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Alpha-7 Nicotinic Receptor Signaling Pathway Participates in the Neurogenesis Induced by ChAT-Positive Neurons in the Subventricular Zone
In this study, we investigated the neurogenic role of the alpha-7 nAChR ( α7 nAChR) in a mouse model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) by using α7 nAChR inhibitor methyllycaconitine. Mice subjected to MCAO exhibited elevated expression of cytomembrane and nuclear fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1), as well as increased expression of PI3K, pAkt, doublec ortin (DCX), polysialylated - neuronal cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM), and mammalian achaete-scute homolog 1 (Mash1). MCAO mice also had more glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)/5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdU)-positive cells and DCX-positive cells ...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - May 27, 2017 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Stroke Induces Mesenchymal Stem Cell Migration to Infarcted Brain Areas Via CXCR4 and C-Met Signaling
AbstractMesenchymal stem cells circulate between organs to repair and maintain tissues. Mesenchymal stem cells cultured with fetal bovine serum have therapeutic effects when intravenously administered after stroke. However, only a small number of mesenchymal stem cells reach the brain. We hypothesized that the serum from stroke patients increases mesenchymal stem cells trophism toward the infarcted brain area. Mesenchymal stem cells were grown in fetal bovine serum, normal serum from normal rats, or stroke serum from ischemic stroke rats. Compared to the fetal bovine serum group, the stroke serum group but not the normal s...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - May 25, 2017 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Spontaneous Recovery of Upper Extremity Motor Impairment After Ischemic Stroke: Implications for Stem Cell-Based Therapeutic Approaches
AbstractPreclinical studies suggest that stem cell therapy (SCT) may improve sensorimotor recovery after stroke. Upper extremity motor impairment (UEMI) is common after stroke, often entailing substantial disability. To evaluate the feasibility of post-stroke UEMI as a target for SCT, we examined a selected sample of stroke patients potentially suitable for SCT, aiming to assess the frequency and recovery of UEMI, as well as its relation to activity limitations and participation restrictions. Patients aged 20 –75 years with first-ever ischemic stroke, and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores 1–18,...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - February 14, 2017 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Regulated and Unregulated Clinical Trials of Stem Cell Therapies for Stroke
Source: Translational Stroke Research - January 25, 2017 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Recent Advances in Stem Cell-Based Therapeutics for Stroke
Source: Translational Stroke Research - August 11, 2016 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Stem Cell Therapy and Administration Routes After Stroke
Abstract Cell-based therapy has demonstrated safety and efficacy in experimental animal models of stroke, as well as safety in stroke patients. However, various questions remain regarding the therapeutic window, dosage, route of administration, and the most appropriate cell type and source, as well as mechanisms of action and immune-modulation to optimize treatment based on stem cell therapy. Various delivery routes have been used in experimental stroke models, including intracerebral, intraventricular, subarachnoid, intra-arterial, intraperitoneal, intravenous, and intranasal routes. From a clinical point of view...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - July 6, 2016 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Induction of Perivascular Neural Stem Cells and Possible Contribution to Neurogenesis Following Transient Brain Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury
Abstract Recent therapeutic advances have increased the likelihood of recanalizing the obstructed brain arteries in patients with stroke. Therefore, it is important to understand the fate of neural cells under transient ischemia/reperfusion. injury. Accumulating evidence shows that neurogenesis occurs in perivascular regions following brain injury, although the precise mechanism and origin of these newborn neurons under transient ischemia/reperfusion. injury remain unclear. Using a mouse model of transient brain ischemia/reperfusion injury, we found that neural stem cells (NSCs) develop within injured areas. This ...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - June 28, 2016 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Various Cell Populations Within the Mononuclear Fraction of Bone Marrow Contribute to the Beneficial Effects of Autologous Bone Marrow Cell Therapy in a Rodent Stroke Model
Abstract Cell-based therapies including bone-marrow derived mononuclear cells (MNCs) are now widely being studied because of their pleotropic effects and promising results to improve recovery after stroke in animal models. Unlike other types of cell therapies, MNCs is a mixture of lymphoid, myeloid, erythroid, and stem cell populations. Which cell population(s) accounts for the beneficial effects of MNCs in stroke recovery is unclear. In this paper, we employed a mouse stroke model with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo), and used positively and negatively sorted autologous MNCs by MACs to determine which fra...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - March 20, 2016 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Translating G-CSF as an Adjunct Therapy to Stem Cell Transplantation for Stroke
Abstract Among recently investigated stroke therapies, stem cell treatment holds great promise by virtue of their putative ability to replace lost cells, promote endogenous neurogenesis, and produce behavioral and functional improvement through their “bystander effects.” Translating stem cell in the clinic, however, presents a number of technical difficulties. A strategy suggested to enhance therapeutic utility of stem cells is combination therapy, i.e., co-transplantation of stem cells or adjunct treatment with pharmacological agents and substrates, which is assumed to produce more profound therapeutic benefi...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - October 20, 2015 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

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