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Changes in Adhesion and the Expression of Adhesion Molecules in PBMCs after Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Relation to Cerebral Vasospasm
In conclusion, our results confirm that after aSAH, monocyte count and adhesion of PBMCs increase, especially in patients with VSP, and that the expression of several adhesion molecules is altered. These observations can help predict VSP and to improve the treatment of this pathology.
Source: Translational Stroke Research - February 23, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

High On-Treatment Platelet Reactivity as Predictor of Long-term Clinical Outcomes in Stroke Patients with Antiplatelet Agents
AbstractThe purpose was to explore the value of high on-treatment platelet reactivity (HTPR) in predicting long-term clinical outcomes for stroke patients. The platelet reactivity was assayed after being treated with either 75  mg clopidogrel or 100 mg aspirin daily with VerifyNow System in stroke patients. HTPR for clopidogrel was defined as PRU ≥ 208, and that for aspirin was defined as ARU ≥ 550. CYP2C19 genotyping was performed using the Sequenom MassARRAY iPLEX platform. The primary endpoint was a compo site of recurrent ischemic stroke, transient ischemic attack, myocardial infarction, or ischemic vascu...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - October 1, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Acute T2*-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging Detectable Cerebral Thrombosis in a Rat Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
AbstractSubarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is associated with a high incidence of morbidity and mortality, particularly within the first 72  h after aneurysm rupture. We recently found ultra-early cerebral thrombosis, detectable on T2* magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), in a mouse SAH model at 4 h after onset. The current study examined whether such changes also occur in rat at 24 h after SAH, the vessels involved, whether the degree of thrombosis varied with SAH severity and brain injury, and if it differed between male and female rats. Adult Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to an endovascular perforation SAH model or sham...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - June 2, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Clinical Value of 3D-Printed Navigation Technology Combined with Neuroendoscopy for Intracerebral Hemorrhage
In conclusion, 3D-printed navigation technology used for the neuroendoscopic hematoma removal is a more reliable and less invasive approach in the treatment of IC H. This technique has great application prospects and deserves promotion in the future clinical practice.
Source: Translational Stroke Research - January 25, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Deferoxamine Treatment Prevents Post-Stroke Vasoregression and Neurovascular Unit Remodeling Leading to Improved Functional Outcomes in Type 2 Male Diabetic Rats: Role of Endothelial Ferroptosis
This study aimed to determine the impact of iron chelation with deferoxamine (DFX) on (1) cerebral vascularization patterns and (2) functional outcomes after stroke in control and diabetic rats. After 8  weeks of type 2 diabetes induced by a combination of high-fat diet and low-dose streptozotocin, male control and diabetic animals were subjected to thromboembolic middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and randomized to vehicle, DFX, or tPA/DFX and followed for 14 days with behavioral tests. Vas cular indices (vascular volume and surface area), neurovascular remodeling (AQP4 polarity), and microglia activation were meas...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - August 31, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Safety of Early Administration of Apixaban on Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Acute Large Vessel Occlusion
AbstractEarly administration of direct oral anticoagulants in patients with acute large vessel occlusion (LVO) and nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) is a concern, as endovascular therapy (EVT) became highly utilized. We conducted a historical and prospective multicenter registry at 38 centers in Japan from July 2016 to February 2018. Patients aged ≥ 20 years with NVAF and acute LVO or stenosis who received apixaban within 14 days from onset were included. We compared patients who received apixaban<  48 h (Early group) and ≥ 48 h (Late group) after onset in terms of the primary outcome (a composite of ...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - August 6, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

A Multi-Model Pipeline for Translational Intracerebral Haemorrhage Research
AbstractApart from acute and chronic blood pressure lowering, we have no specific medications to prevent intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) or improve outcomes once bleeding has occurred. One reason for this may be related to particular limitations associated with the current pre-clinical models of ICH, leading to a failure to translate into the clinic. It would seem that a breakdown in the ‘drug development pipeline’ currently exists for translational ICH research which needs to be urgently addressed. Here, we review the most commonly used pre-clinical models of ICH and discuss their advantages and disadvantages in the c...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - July 6, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

MMP10 Promotes Efficient Thrombolysis After Ischemic Stroke in Mice with Induced Diabetes
AbstractDiabetes is an important risk factor for ischemic stroke (IS). Tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) has been associated with less successful revascularization and poor functional outcome in diabetes. We assessed whether a new thrombolytic strategy based on MMP10 was more effective than tPA in a murine IS model of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes. Wild-type mice were administered a single dose of streptozotocin (STZ) (180  mg/kg) to develop STZ-induced diabetes mellitus. Two weeks later, IS was induced by thrombin injection into the middle cerebral artery and the effect of recombinant MMP10 (6.5 μg/kg), t...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - July 27, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Early Inflammatory Response in the Brain and Anesthesia Recovery Time Evaluation  After Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
AbstractThe main objective was to evaluate, whether the subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)-associated early inflammatory response has focal or global character, i.e., whether areas distant to hematoma may be affected by an early inflammatory response. The second objective was to evaluate the association of anesthesia recovery time for basic reflexes/neurological functions with severity of SAH. SAH was induced in rats using an endovascular perforation model. Anesthesia recovery time was evaluated for pain reaction recovery time (spinal level), spontaneous ventilation recovery time (brain stem level), and consciousness recovery t...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - June 20, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Prolonged Blood-Brain Barrier Injury Occurs After Experimental Intracerebral Hemorrhage and Is Not Acutely Associated with Additional Bleeding
AbstractIntracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) causes blood-brain barrier (BBB) damage along with altered element levels in the brain. BBB permeability was quantified at 3, 7, and 14  days with Evans Blue dye after collagenase-induced ICH in rat. At peak permeability (day 3), a gadolinium (Gd)-based contrast agent was injected to further characterize BBB disruption, and X-ray fluorescence imaging (XFI) was used to map Gd, Fe, Cl, and other elements. XFI revealed that Ca, Cl, Gd , and Fe concentrations were significantly elevated, whereas K was significantly decreased. Therefore, using Gd-XFI, we co-determined BBB dysfunction with...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - June 14, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Antiplatelet Strategies and Outcomes in Patients with Noncardioembolic Ischemic Stroke from a Real-World Study with a Five-Year Follow-Up
In conclusion, clopidogrel is suggested for patients with an ESRS >  3 and aspirin for patients with an ESRS ≤ 3 for the secondary prevention of noncardioembolic ischemic stroke in Chinese patients.
Source: Translational Stroke Research - December 30, 2016 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Intravascular Inflammation Triggers Intracerebral Activated Microglia and Contributes to Secondary Brain Injury After Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (eSAH)
AbstractActivation of innate immunity contributes to secondary brain injury after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage (eSAH). Microglia accumulation and activation within the brain has recently been shown to induce neuronal cell death after eSAH. In isolated mouse brain capillaries after eSAH, we show a significantly increased gene expression for intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and P-selectin. Hence, we hypothesized that extracerebral intravascular inflammatory processes might initiate the previously reported microglia accumulation within the brain tissue. We therefore induced eSAH in knockout mice for ICAM-1 (...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - July 31, 2016 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Neurogenesis in Stroke Recovery
Abstract Stroke, resulting from limited blood flow to the brain, is one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Stroke is classified as ischemic, due to lack of blood flow, or hemorrhagic, due to bleeding. Because 87 % of strokes are classified as ischemic, this type will be the predominant focus of this review. Except for thrombolytic therapy, there is no established treatment to reduce the neurological deficits caused by ischemic stroke. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new therapeutic strategies designed to improve neurological functions after ischemic stroke. Recently, therapie...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - March 17, 2016 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Troponin T in Prediction of Culprit Lesion Coronary Artery Disease and 1-Year Major Adverse Cerebral and Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Acute Stroke
In this study, we aimed to associate enhanced TnT levels defined by different cutoff values with occurrence of culprit lesion coronary artery disease (CAD) as well as 1-year major adverse cerebral and cardiovascular events (MACCEs). In this cohort study, we investigated 84 consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke and concomitant MI. TnT levels were measured using a fourth-generation TnT assay. The incidence of culprit lesion CAD was determined by coronary angiography. MACCEs were recorded during 1-year follow-up. Culprit lesion CAD occurred in 55 % of patients, and 1-year MACCE in 37 %. TnT levels above the manufa...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - February 22, 2016 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Double Cisterna Magna Injection Rat Model—Assessment of Delayed Pathological Effects of Cerebral Vasospasm
Abstract Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage comprises of an early phase after the bleeding and a late phase of delayed consequences of the bleeding. The development of delayed injury mechanisms, like the reduction of cerebral blood flow (CBF) due to cerebral vasospasm (CVS), seems mainly to depend on the amount and the duration of the subarachnoid blood clot. The reduction of CBF may lead to cerebral ischemia and delayed neurological deterioration. The rat double cisterna magna injection model reproduces the time course of the delayed consequences of CVS and imitates the clinical setting more precise than other ro...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - February 24, 2015 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

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