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Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter-2 Inhibitors Decrease the Odds for Atrial Fibrillation in Subjects with Heart Failure
Ong et al. have shown in their very informative, recently published meta-analysis that sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors result in a significant decrease in the odds for atrial fibrillation (AF) regardless of status of diabetes mellitus or cardiovascular disease at baseline.1 However, the authors failed to show that this effect is sustained in subjects with heart failure (HF).1
Source: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases - December 22, 2021 Category: Neurology Authors: Dimitrios Patoulias, Christodoulos Papadopoulos, Michael Doumas Tags: Letter to the Editor Source Type: research

Sodium Variability and Probability of Vasospasm in Patients with Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Vasospasm is a well-known complication of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) that generally occurs 4 –14 days post-hemorrhage. Based on American Heart Association guidelines, the current understanding is that hyponatremic episodes may lead to vasospasm. Therefore, we sought to determine the association between repeated serum sodium levels of aSAH patients and its relationship to radiographic vaso spasm.
Source: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases - November 5, 2021 Category: Neurology Authors: Melissa M.J. Chua, Alejandro Enr íquez-Marulanda, Santiago Gomez-Paz, Yosuke Akamatsu, Mohamed M. Salem, Georgios A. Maragkos, Luis C. Ascanio, Khalid A. Hanafy, Corey R. Fehnel, Christopher S. Ogilvy, Justin Moore, Ajith J. Thomas Source Type: research

Effects of Sodium/Glucose Cotransporter Inhibitors on Atrial Fibrillation and Stroke: A Meta-Analysis
Globally, the number of people estimated to have diabetes mellitus (DM) in 2019 was 463 million, and the estimated number is expected to rise to 578 million people by 2030.1 DM is also associated with an increased risk of atrial fibrillation (AF), 2 and has shown to be an independent risk factor for stroke in patients with AF.3 A meta-analysis of 102 studies further showed that patients with diabetes have a higher risk of all subtypes of stroke (ischemic, hemorrhagic and unclassified stroke).4 This has generated great interest in anti-hyperglycemic agents and their ability to reduce the cardiovascular complications of diabetes.
Source: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases - October 22, 2021 Category: Neurology Authors: How Ting Ong, Yao Hao Teo, Yao Neng Teo, Nicholas LX Syn, Caitlin Fern Wee, Shariel Leong, Alicia Swee Yan Yip, Ray Meng See, Adriel Zhi Hen Ting, Alys ZQ Chia, Alex Jia Yang Cheong, Benjamin Yong-Qiang Tan, Jamie Sin-Ying Ho, Leonard Leong-Litt Yeo, Aloy Source Type: research

Do all gliflozins reduce stroke in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and impaired renal function?
We have read with great interest a study of meta-analysis1 recently published in Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases. In that study1 Barkas and colleagues drew their main conclusion that sodium-glucose transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors reduce the risk of total stroke in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and impaired renal function (IRF), which was based on the result of meta-analysis on the outcome of total stroke (including ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke) in the subgroup of patients with T2DM and IRF (Fig.
Source: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases - April 17, 2021 Category: Neurology Authors: Li-Min Zhao, Liang-Liang Ding, Ze-Lin Zhan, Mei Qiu Tags: Letter to the Editor Source Type: research

Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors and Protection Against stroke in Patients with type 2 Diabetes and Impaired Renal Function: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
It is well established that diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease, including ischemic stroke. Among past antidiabetic agents, only pioglitazone and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) have been shown to decrease the risk of stroke.1-5 Similarly, sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) were expected to reduce the risk of stroke, considering their blood pressure lowering and neuroprotective effects demonstrated by experimental studies.
Source: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases - March 10, 2021 Category: Neurology Authors: Fotios Barkas, Sebastian Filippas Ntekouan, Evangelos Liberopoulos, Theodosios Filippatos, Haralampos Milionis Source Type: research

Effects of Sodium Valproate Combined with Lamotrigine on Quality of Life and Serum Inflammatory Factors in Patients with Poststroke Secondary Epilepsy
We sought to explore the effects of sodium valproate combined with lamotrigine on quality of life and serum inflammatory factors in patients with poststroke secondary epilepsy.
Source: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases - February 17, 2020 Category: Neurology Authors: Shuxin Tao, Jijun Sun, Fang Hao, Wenqiang Tang, Xiaowan Li, Dong Guo, Xuewu Liu Source Type: research

Hyponatremia in Acute Stroke: To Treat or Not to Treat?
Hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte disorder both in hospitalized patients and individuals from the community with a reported incidence mounting up to 30% and 8%, respectively.1,2 Its association with increased risk of mortality has been well-established.3-5 Several meta-analyses have demonstrated that hyponatremia increases mortality in patients with common clinical conditions, such as acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, cirrhosis, and chronic kidney disease,3-5 while “correction” of serum sodium levels improves survival.
Source: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases - September 30, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: Fotios Barkas, George Liamis, Haralampos Milionis Tags: Letter to the Editor Source Type: research

Isosteviol Sodium Protects Neural Cells Against Hypoxia-Induced Apoptosis Through Inhibiting MAPK and NF- κB Pathways
Stevioside, isolated from the herb Stevia rebaudiana, has been widely used as a food sweetener all over the world. Isosteviol Sodium (STV-Na), an injectable formulation of isosteviol sodium salt, has been proved to possess much greater solubility and bioavailability and exhibit protective effects against cerebral ischemia injury in vivo by inhibiting neuron apoptosis. However, the underlying mechanisms of the neuroprotective effects STV-Na are still not completely known. In the present study, we investigated the effects of STV-Na on neuronal cell death caused by hypoxia in vitro and its underlying mechanisms.
Source: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases - October 24, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: Kai-Lun Zhong, Min-Yi Lu, Fei Liu, Ying Mei, Xue-Ju Zhang, Hao Zhang, Jie Zan, Xiao-Ou Sun, Wen Tan Source Type: research

Noninvasive Assessment of Carotid Plaques Calcification by 18F-Sodium Fluoride Accumulation: Correlation with Pathology
This study aimed to correlate 18F-NaF accumulation with the histological characterization of vascular calcification in carotid plaques.
Source: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases - March 16, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: Yan Zhang, Hong Li, Yingqin Jia, Pengfei Yang, Feng Zhao, Wei Wang, Wenqing Liu, Guisheng Chen, Xiaoqing Zhuang, Juan Li Source Type: research

Nonbacterial Thrombotic Endocarditis Complicated by Cerebral Infarction in a Patient with Adenomyosis with High Serum CA125 Level; A Case Report
We report a case of a 48-year-old woman with multiple cerebral infarctions caused by nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis (NBTE) because of adenomyosis with high serum carbohydrate antigen (CA)125 level. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) showed a vegetation, 4  mm in diameter, adjacent to the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve on day 2. Soluble CA125 level was elevated to 901 U/mL. Intravenous infusion of unfractionated heparin sodium was started. On day 35, TEE revealed reduction of the vegetation in size, 2 mm in diameter.
Source: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases - November 1, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Kenji Uchino, Takahiro Shimizu, Heisuke Mizukami, Kenji Isahaya, Hana Ogura, Kensuke Shinohara, Yasuhiro Hasegawa Tags: Case Studies Source Type: research

Isosteviol Sodium Protects Against Permanent Cerebral Ischemia Injury in Mice via Inhibition of NF- κB–Mediated Inflammatory and Apoptotic Responses
Isosteviol sodium (STVNa) has been reported to have neuroprotective effects against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats. Furthermore, recanalization treatments, including thrombolytic therapy, have several limitations. Excessive inflammation and apoptosis contribute to the pathogenesis of ischemic brain damage. Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF- κB) is critical to these processes and is associated with cerebral ischemia. Therefore, we studied the potential therapeutic effects and mechanisms of STVNa on permanent cerebral ischemia in mice.
Source: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases - August 4, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Hao Zhang, Xiaoou Sun, Yanxiang Xie, Jie Zan, Wen Tan Source Type: research