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The Effect of Neural Lesion Type on Botulinum Toxin Dosage: A Retrospective Chart Review
Conclusion: In our practice, we found that treating spasticity in people with MS required the greatest dose of botulinum toxin, followed by CP and then stroke.
Source: PM and R - November 11, 2013 Category: Rehabilitation Authors: Chetan P. Phadke, Caitlin Davidson, Farooq Ismail, Chris Boulias Tags: Original Research Source Type: research

Diagnosis and Treatment of Abductor Hallucis Focal Dystonia With Botulinum Toxin Injection: A Case Presentation
Orthopedic foot deformities can result from neurologic conditions such as stroke, multiple sclerosis, and cerebral palsy . In such cases, imaging studies of the foot are often not diagnostic of the underlying problem. Although it is not always considered, electrodiagnostic assessment can detect dystonia, spasticity, and neuropathy . The information gained from these electrodiagnostic studies can guide therapy, including medical and surgical management. This case study describes the successful evaluation and treatment of abducted hallux deformity by using electrodiagnostic testing and botulinum injection treatment.
Source: PM and R - August 1, 2013 Category: Rehabilitation Authors: Nathan S. Rosenberg, Ib R. Odderson Tags: Case Presentation Source Type: research

Adherence Associated With Oral Medications in the Treatment of Spasticity
Objective: To examine adherence to baclofen, tizanidine, and dantrolene (U.S. Food and Drug Administration–approved oral spasticity medications), and identified determinants of adherence.Design: A retrospective administrative claims data analysis that used medical and pharmacy claims data and enrollment information from a large, national U.S. health plan.Subjects and Methods: The subjects were commercial health plan members who initiated treatment on baclofen, tizanidine, or dantrolene from January 1, 2004, through September 30, 2009, and who had stroke, spinal cord injury, traumatic brain injury, cerebral palsy, or mult...
Source: PM and R - May 6, 2013 Category: Rehabilitation Authors: Rachel Halpern, Patrick Gillard, Glenn D. Graham, Sepideh F. Varon, Richard D. Zorowitz Tags: Original Research Source Type: research

Spasticity Video Challenge: A Look at Methods for Addressing Difficult Cases
As seen in this CME online activity (available at http://courses.elseviercme.com/spasticity/662e), treatment of patients with spasticity due to upper motor neuron syndromes, including traumatic brain injury, stroke, and cerebral palsy, is multifaceted, involving chemodenervation, systemic medications, surgical therapy, rehabilitation efforts, and home care. Optimal care begins with the recognition that each patient ’s impairments are unique and must be assessed carefully to determine the impact of muscle overactivity, loss of dexterity, and weakness on passive and active function in the context of the patients’ goals.
Source: PM and R - June 17, 2017 Category: Rehabilitation Authors: Katharine E. Alter, Mark Gormley, Atul T. Patel Source Type: research

Tone-inhibiting insoles enhance the reciprocal inhibition of ankle plantarflexors of post-stroke hemiparetic subjects: an electromyographic study
Spasticity is a common sequela of upper motor neuron pathology, such as cerebrovascular diseases and cerebral palsy. Intervention for spasticity of the ankle plantarflexors in physical therapy may include tone-inhibiting casting and/or orthoses for the ankle and foot. However, the physiological mechanism of tone reduction by such orthoses remains unclarified.
Source: PM and R - July 20, 2017 Category: Rehabilitation Authors: Nobushige Takahashi, Hidetoshi Takahashi, Osamu Takahashi, Ryosuke Ushijima, Rie Umebayashi, Junji Nishikawa, Yasutomo Okajima Source Type: research

Tone-Inhibiting Insoles Enhance the Reciprocal Inhibition of Ankle Plantarflexors of Subjects With Hemiparesis After Stroke: An Electromyographic Study
Spasticity is a common sequela of upper motor neuron pathology, such as cerebrovascular diseases and cerebral palsy. Intervention for spasticity of the ankle plantarflexors in physical therapy may include tone-inhibiting casting and/or orthoses for the ankle and foot. However, the physiological mechanism of tone reduction by such orthoses remains unclarified.
Source: PM and R - July 20, 2017 Category: Rehabilitation Authors: Nobushige Takahashi, Hidetoshi Takahashi, Osamu Takahashi, Ryosuke Ushijima, Rie Umebayashi, Junji Nishikawa, Yasutomo Okajima Tags: Original Research Source Type: research