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Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) decreases heart rate acutely in neonatal rats
Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) is an exciting non-invasive extension of traditional invasive cervical VNS. However, it is still unclear what vagus fibers taVNS engages and whether taVNS has measurable effects in reducing heart rate (HR) to assess parasympathetic nervous system activation. Ongoing research and clinical applications pairing VNS with activities promoting learning and stroke recovery are promising [1]. taVNS has also been used in newborns with hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain injury and may improve their oromotor coordination during feeding [2].
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - August 21, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Melanie W. Gail, Catrina Sims-Robinson, Heather Boger, Adviye Ergul, Rupak Mukherjee, Dorothea D. Jenkins, Mark S. George Source Type: research

How to fail with paired VNS therapy
We present a discussion of the concepts that underlie VNS therapy and an anthology of studies that describe conditions in which these concepts are violated and VNS fails.
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - August 16, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Seth A. Hays, Robert L. Rennaker, Michael P. Kilgard Source Type: research

Left or right ear? A neuroimaging study using combined taVNS/fMRI to understand the interaction between ear stimulation target and lesion location in chronic stroke
Implanted vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) and transcutaneous auricular VNS (taVNS) have been primarily administered clinically to the unilateral-left vagus nerve. This left-only convention has proved clinically beneficial in brain disorders. However, in stroke survivors, the presence of a lesion in the brain may complicate VNS-mediated signaling, and it is important to understand the laterality effects of VNS in stroke survivors to optimize the intervention.
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - July 27, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Xiaolong Peng, Brenna Baker-Vogel, Mutaz Sarhan, Edward B. Short, Wenzhen Zhu, Hesheng Liu, Steven Kautz, Bashar W. Badran Source Type: research

Assessment of safety and feasibility of non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation for treatment of acute stroke
Non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation (nVNS) using a hand-held stimulator placed on the neck is an FDA-approved treatment for primary headache disorders. The safety of nVNS is unknown in stroke patients.
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - November 7, 2022 Category: Neurology Authors: Ethem Murat Arsava, Mehmet Akif Topcuoglu, Ilknur Ay, Atilla Ozcan Ozdemir, Ibrahim Levent Gungor, Canan Togay Isikay, Bijen Nazliel, Hasan Huseyin Kozak, Serefnur Ozturk, İbrahim Arda Yilmaz, Babur Dora, Hakan Ay, the TR-VENUS investigators Source Type: research

Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation in treating post-stroke insomnia monitored by resting-state fMRI: The first case report
Post-stroke insomnia (PSI) is one of the most frequent complications in the patients with cerebrovascular diseases. About 37 to 59% of the stroke patients report insomnia complaints [1]. Moreover, researches have indicated that insomnia is related to the increased cardiocerebrovascular morbidity and decreased stroke outcome [2]. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and drug intervention are the common treatments for PSI, however, because of dissatisfacted efficiency and side effects of drugs [1], it is very urgent to find an effective, safe and convenient complementary and alternative therapy.
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - February 21, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: Bin Zhao, Liang Li, Yue Jiao, Man Luo, Ke Xu, Yang Hong, Jiu-Dong Cao, Yue Zhang, Ji-Liang Fang, Pei-Jing Rong Source Type: research

Abstract #128: Chronic Vagus Nerve Stimulation Enables Long-term Plasticity in Mouse Auditory Cortex
Introduction: Vagus nerve stimulation is currently used as a medical treatment for those suffering from severe epilepsy or depression, but the mechanisms underlying vagus nerve stimulation are poorly understood. The vagus nerve helps connect essentially all peripheral organs to the central nervous system, sending afferents to the nucleus tractus solitarius. Recent studies indicate that vagus nerve stimulation can produce long-lasting plasticity in the cerebral cortex, leading to improved sensory processing and recovery of motor behavior after stroke (Boreland et al, Brain Stimul (2016).
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - January 22, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: Eleni S. Papadoyannis, Kathleen A. Martin, Jennifer K. Schiavo, Nesibe Z. Temiz, Robert C. Froemke Source Type: research

Combining Transcutaneous Vagus Nerve Stimulation and Upper-Limb Robotic Rehabilitation in Chronic Stroke Patients
Introduction And Aims: Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is a promising approach for enhancing rehabilitation effects in stroke patients, but the invasiveness of this technique reduces its clinical application. Recently, a non-invasive technique for stimulating vagus nerve has been developed. We evaluated safety, feasibility, and efficacy of noninvasive VNS combined with robotic rehabilitation for improving upper limb functionality in chronic stroke.
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - January 22, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: F. Capone, S. Miccininilli, G. Pellegrino, L. Zollo, E. Guglielmelli, S. Sterzi, V. Di Lazzaro Source Type: research

Vagus Nerve Stimulation as a Strategy to Augment Stroke Rehabilitation
Neural plasticity supports recovery after neurological injury. Strategies that enhance adaptive neural plasticity in conjunction with rehabilitation hold promise to substantially improve recovery of motor and sensory function after neurological damage. We have developed an innovative method using brief bursts of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) paired with rehabilitative training to enhance plasticity in motor circuits. VNS drives phasic activation of plasticity-enhancing neuromodulatory systems which augment rehabilitation-dependent plasticity.
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - January 22, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: S. Hays Source Type: research

Development of Closed-loop Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation (taVNS) as a Neurorehabilitation Tool
Background: Motor rehabilitation training is considered the optimal method in reducing motor impairments in patients with brain injury. Noninvasive brain stimulation has recently demonstrated promise as a potential adjunct to enhance the outcomes of conventional post-stroke motor rehabilitation. Specifically, transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) paired with oromotor therapy to learn feeding behavior (Badran Jenkins, 2018) has emerged as a novel therapeutic avenue. Synchronization of taVNS with the specific motor behavior is believed to be critical to patient outcomes.
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - January 22, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: B. Badran, D. Jenkins, W. DeVries, M. Dancy, D. Cook, G. Mappin, M. George Source Type: research

Non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation reduces blood-brain barrier disruption in a rat model of ischemic stroke
Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) significantly reduces infarct volume in rat models of cerebral ischemia, but the mechanism of this protective effect remains open.
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - February 15, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: Yirong Yang, Lisa Y. Yang, Lilla Orban, Darnell Cuylear, Jeffrey Thompson, Bruce Simon, Yi Yang Source Type: research

Electrical Stimulation of the Vagus Nerve Dermatome in the External Ear is Protective in Rat Cerebral Ischemia
Although cervical vagus nerve stimulation is effective for reducing infarct volume in rats, it is not feasible for acute human stroke as it requires surgical incision of the neck. We hypothesized that stimulation of the dermatome in the external ear innervated by the vagus nerve (auricular vagus nerve stimulation; aVNS) reduces infarct volume after transient focal ischemia in rats.
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - September 25, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Ilknur Ay, Vitaly Napadow, Hakan Ay Tags: Original Research Source Type: research