Filtered By:
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
This page shows you your search results in order of date. This is page number 15.
Order by Relevance | Date
Total 466 results found since Jan 2013.
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonists for preventing recurrent stroke and other vascular events in people with stroke or transient ischaemic attack.
CONCLUSIONS: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonists probably reduce recurrent stroke and total events of cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction or non-fatal stroke, and may improve insulin sensitivity and the stabilisation of carotid plaques. Their effects on adverse events are uncertain. Our conclusions should be interpreted with caution considering the small number and the quality of the included studies. Further well-designed, double-blind RCTs with large samples are required to assess the efficacy and safety of PPAR-γ agonists in the secondary prevention of stroke and related vascular...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - October 8, 2019 Category: General Medicine Authors: Liu J, Wang LN Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research
Interventions for preventing falls in people after stroke.
CONCLUSIONS: At present there exists very little evidence about interventions other than exercises to reduce falling post stroke. Low to very low quality evidence exists that this population benefits from exercises to prevent falls, but not to reduce number of fallers.Fall research does not in general or consistently follow methodological gold standards, especially with regard to fall definition and time post stroke. More well-reported, adequately-powered research should further establish the value of exercises in reducing falling, in particular per phase, post stroke.
PMID: 31573069 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - September 30, 2019 Category: General Medicine Authors: Denissen S, Staring W, Kunkel D, Pickering RM, Lennon S, Geurts AC, Weerdesteyn V, Verheyden GS Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research
Interventions for treating brain arteriovenous malformations in adults.
CONCLUSIONS: We found moderate-quality evidence from one RCT including adults with unruptured brain AVMs that conservative management was superior to intervention with respect to functional outcome and symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage over one year after randomization. More RCTs will help to confirm or refute these findings.
PMID: 31503327 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - September 9, 2019 Category: General Medicine Authors: Zuurbier SM, Al-Shahi Salman R Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research
Antiarrhythmics for maintaining sinus rhythm after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation.
CONCLUSIONS: There is high-certainty evidence of increased mortality associated with sotalol treatment, and low-certainty evidence suggesting increased mortality with quinidine, when used for maintaining sinus rhythm in people with atrial fibrillation. We found few data on mortality in people taking disopyramide, flecainide and propafenone, so it was not possible to make a reliable estimation of the mortality risk for these drugs. However, we did find moderate-certainty evidence of marked increases in proarrhythmia and adverse effects with flecainide.Overall, there is evidence showing that antiarrhythmic drugs increase adv...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - September 3, 2019 Category: General Medicine Authors: Valembois L, Audureau E, Takeda A, Jarzebowski W, Belmin J, Lafuente-Lafuente C Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research
Surgical interventions for symptomatic mild to moderate knee osteoarthritis.
CONCLUSIONS: The review found no placebo-or sham-controlled trials of surgery in participants with symptomatic mild to moderate knee osteoarthritis. There was low quality evidence that there may be no evidence of a difference between arthroscopic partial meniscectomy surgery and a home exercise program for the treatment of this condition. Similarly, low-quality evidence from a few small trials indicates there may not be any benefit of arthroscopic surgery over other non-surgical treatments including saline irrigation and hyaluronic acid injection, or one type of surgery over another. We are uncertain of the risk of adverse...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - July 18, 2019 Category: General Medicine Authors: Palmer JS, Monk AP, Hopewell S, Bayliss LE, Jackson W, Beard DJ, Price AJ Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research
Dialysate temperature reduction for intradialytic hypotension for people with chronic kidney disease requiring haemodialysis.
CONCLUSIONS: Reduction of dialysate temperature may prevent IDH, but the conclusion is uncertain. Larger studies that measure important outcomes for HD patients are required to assess the effect of reduction of dialysate temperature. Six ongoing studies may provide much-needed high quality evidence in the future.
PMID: 31273758 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - July 4, 2019 Category: General Medicine Authors: Tsujimoto Y, Tsujimoto H, Nakata Y, Kataoka Y, Kimachi M, Shimizu S, Ikenoue T, Fukuma S, Yamamoto Y, Fukuhara S Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research
Marine-derived n-3 fatty acids therapy for stroke.
CONCLUSIONS: We are very uncertain of the effect of marine-derived n-3 PUFAs therapy on functional outcomes and dependence after stroke as there is insufficient high-quality evidence. More well-designed RCTs are needed, specifically in acute stroke, to determine the efficacy and safety of the intervention.Studies assessing functionality might consider starting the intervention as early as possible after the event, as well as using standardised clinically-relevant measures for functional outcomes, such as the modified Rankin Scale. Optimal doses remain to be determined; delivery forms (type of lipid carriers) and mode of ad...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - June 25, 2019 Category: General Medicine Authors: Alvarez Campano CG, Macleod MJ, Aucott L, Thies F Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research
Interventions for visual field defects in people with stroke.
CONCLUSIONS: There is a lack of evidence relating to the effect of interventions on our primary outcome of functional ability in activities of daily living. There is limited low-quality evidence that compensatory scanning training may be more beneficial than placebo or control at improving quality of life, but not other outcomes. There is insufficient evidence to reach any generalised conclusions about the effect of restitutive interventions or substitutive interventions (prisms) as compared to placebo, control, or no treatment. There is low-quality evidence that prisms may cause minor adverse events.
PMID: 31120142 [...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - May 22, 2019 Category: General Medicine Authors: Pollock A, Hazelton C, Rowe FJ, Jonuscheit S, Kernohan A, Angilley J, Henderson CA, Langhorne P, Campbell P Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) for improving aphasia in adults with aphasia after stroke.
CONCLUSIONS: Currently there is no evidence of the effectiveness of tDCS (anodal tDCS, cathodal tDCS and Dual-tDCS) versus control (sham tDCS) for improving functional communication in people with aphasia after stroke (low quality of evidence). However, there is limited evidence that tDCS may improve naming performance in naming nouns (moderate quality of evidence), but not verbs (very low quality of evidence) at the end of the intervention period and possibly also at follow-up. Further methodologically rigorous RCTs with adequate sample size calculation are needed in this area to determine the effectiveness of this interv...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - May 20, 2019 Category: General Medicine Authors: Elsner B, Kugler J, Pohl M, Mehrholz J Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research
Stem cell transplantation for ischemic stroke.
CONCLUSIONS: Overall, in participants with ischemic stroke, stem cell transplantation was associated with a reduced neurological impairment, but not with a better functional outcome. No obvious safety concerns were raised. However, these conclusions came mostly from small RCTs with high risk of bias, and the certainty of the evidence ranged from low to very low. More well-designed trials are needed.
PMID: 31055832 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - May 4, 2019 Category: General Medicine Authors: Boncoraglio GB, Ranieri M, Bersano A, Parati EA, Del Giovane C Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research
Metformin and second- or third-generation sulphonylurea combination therapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
CONCLUSIONS: There is inconclusive evidence whether M+S combination therapy compared with metformin plus another glucose-lowering intervention results in benefit or harm for most patient-important outcomes (mortality, SAEs, macrovascular and microvascular complications) with the exception of hypoglycaemia (more harm for M+S combination). No RCT reported on health-related quality of life.
PMID: 30998259 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - April 17, 2019 Category: General Medicine Authors: Madsen KS, Kähler P, Kähler LKA, Madsbad S, Gnesin F, Metzendorf MI, Richter B, Hemmingsen B Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research
Prehospital stroke scales as screening tools for early identification of stroke and transient ischemic attack.
CONCLUSIONS: In the field, CPSS had consistently the highest sensitivity and, therefore, should be preferred to other scales. Further evidence is needed to determine its absolute accuracy and whether alternatives scales, such as MASS and ROSIER, which might have comparable sensitivity but higher specificity, should be used instead, to achieve better overall accuracy. In the ER, ROSIER should be the test of choice, as it was evaluated in more studies than FAST and showed consistently high sensitivity. In a cohort of 100 people of whom 62 have stroke/TIA, the test will miss on average seven people with stroke/TIA (ranging fr...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - April 8, 2019 Category: General Medicine Authors: Zhelev Z, Walker G, Henschke N, Fridhandler J, Yip S Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research
Pharmaceutical interventions for emotionalism after stroke.
CONCLUSIONS: Antidepressants may reduce the frequency and severity of crying or laughing episodes based on very low quality evidence. Our conclusions must be qualified by several methodological deficiencies in the studies and interpreted with caution despite the effect being very large. The effect does not seem specific to one drug or class of drugs. More reliable data are required before appropriate conclusions can be made about the treatment of post-stroke emotionalism. Future trialists investigating the effect of antidepressants in people with emotionalism after stroke should consider developing and using a standardised...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - March 18, 2019 Category: General Medicine Authors: Allida S, Patel K, House A, Hackett ML Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research
Mediterranean-style diet for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease.
CONCLUSIONS: Despite the relatively large number of studies included in this review, there is still some uncertainty regarding the effects of a Mediterranean-style diet on clinical endpoints and CVD risk factors for both primary and secondary prevention. The quality of evidence for the modest benefits on CVD risk factors in primary prevention is low or moderate, with a small number of studies reporting minimal harms. There is a paucity of evidence for secondary prevention. The ongoing studies may provide more certainty in the future.
PMID: 30864165 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - March 12, 2019 Category: General Medicine Authors: Rees K, Takeda A, Martin N, Ellis L, Wijesekara D, Vepa A, Das A, Hartley L, Stranges S Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research
Calcium antagonists for acute ischemic stroke.
CONCLUSIONS: We found no evidence to support the use of calcium antagonists in people with acute ischemic stroke.
PMID: 30758052 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - February 13, 2019 Category: General Medicine Authors: Zhang J, Liu J, Li D, Zhang C, Liu M Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research
