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Interventions in outside-school hours childcare settings for promoting physical activity amongst schoolchildren aged 4 to 12 years
CONCLUSIONS: Although the review included nine trials, the evidence for how to increase children's physical activity in outside-school hours care settings remains limited, both in terms of certainty of evidence and magnitude of the effect. Of the types of interventions identified, when assessed using GRADE there was low-certainty evidence that multi-component interventions, with a specific physical activity goal may have a small increase in daily moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and a slight reduction in BMI. There was very low-certainty evidence that interventions increase cardiovascular fitness. By contrast there w...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - October 25, 2021 Category: General Medicine Authors: Rosa Virgara Anna Phillips Lucy K Lewis Katherine Baldock Luke Wolfenden Ty Ferguson Mandy Richardson Anthony Okely Michael Beets Carol Maher Source Type: research

Interventions for reducing sedentary behaviour in community-dwelling older adults
CONCLUSIONS: It is not clear whether interventions to reduce sedentary behaviour are effective at reducing sedentary time in community-dwelling older adults. We are uncertain if these interventions have any impact on the physical or mental health of community-dwelling older adults. There were few studies, and the certainty of the evidence is very low to low, mainly due to inconsistency in findings and imprecision. Future studies should consider interventions aimed at modifying the environment, policy, and social and cultural norms. Future studies should also use device-based measures of sedentary time, recruit larger sampl...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - June 25, 2021 Category: General Medicine Authors: Sebastien Chastin Paul A Gardiner Juliet A Harvey Calum F Leask Javier Jerez-Roig Dori Rosenberg Maureen C Ashe Jorunn L Helbostad Dawn A Skelton Source Type: research

Interventions to increase patient and family involvement in escalation of care for acute life-threatening illness in community health and hospital settings.
CONCLUSIONS: Our review identified that interactional patient-facing interventions and multi-component programmes (including staff) to increase patient and family involvement in escalation of care for acute life-threatening illness may improve patient and family knowledge about danger signs and care-seeking responses, and probably have few adverse effects on patient's anxiety levels when compared to usual care. Multi-component interventions probably have little impact on mortality rates. Further high-quality trials are required using multi-component interventions and a focus on relational elements of care. Cognitive and be...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - December 8, 2020 Category: General Medicine Authors: Mackintosh NJ, Davis RE, Easter A, Rayment-Jones H, Sevdalis N, Wilson S, Adams M, Sandall J Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research

Implementation interventions to promote the uptake of evidence-based practices in stroke rehabilitation.
CONCLUSIONS: We are uncertain if implementation interventions improve healthcare professional adherence to evidence-based practice in stroke rehabilitation compared with no intervention as the certainty of the evidence is very low. PMID: 33058172 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - October 15, 2020 Category: General Medicine Authors: Cahill LS, Carey LM, Lannin NA, Turville M, Neilson CL, Lynch EA, McKinstry CE, Han JX, O'Connor D Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research

Interventions for sexual dysfunction following stroke.
CONCLUSIONS: Use of sertraline to treat premature ejaculation needs to be tested in further RCTs. The lack of benefit with structured sexual rehabilitation and pelvic floor physiotherapy should not be interpreted as proof of ineffectiveness. Well-designed, randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trials of long-term duration are needed to determine the effectiveness of various types of interventions for sexual dysfunction. It should be noted, however, that it may not be possible to double-blind trials of complex interventions. PMID: 32356377 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - April 30, 2020 Category: General Medicine Authors: Stratton H, Sansom J, Brown-Major A, Anderson P, Ng L Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research

Community pharmacy interventions for health promotion: effects on professional practice and health outcomes.
CONCLUSIONS: Health-promotion interventions in the community pharmacy context probably improve pharmacy workers' behaviour and probably have a slight beneficial effect on health-related behaviour, intermediate clinical outcomes, and quality of life for pharmacy users. Such interventions are likely to be cost-effective and the effects are seen across a range of clinical conditions and health-related behaviours. Nevertheless the magnitude of the effects varies between conditions, and more effective interventions might be developed if greater consideration were given to the theoretical basis of the intervention and mechanisms...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - December 5, 2019 Category: General Medicine Authors: Steed L, Sohanpal R, Todd A, Madurasinghe VW, Rivas C, Edwards EA, Summerbell CD, Taylor SJ, Walton RT Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research

Interventions for improving modifiable risk factor control in the secondary prevention of stroke.
CONCLUSIONS: We found that organisational interventions may be associated with an improvement in achieving blood pressure target but we did not find any clear evidence that these interventions improve other modifiable risk factors (lipid profile, HbA1c, medication adherence) or reduce the incidence of recurrent cardiovascular events. Interventions, including patient education alone, did not lead to improvements in modifiable risk factor control or the prevention of recurrent cardiovascular events. PMID: 29734470 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - May 7, 2018 Category: General Medicine Authors: Bridgwood B, Lager KE, Mistri AK, Khunti K, Wilson AD, Modi P Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research

Educational and behavioural interventions for anticoagulant therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation.
CONCLUSIONS: This review demonstrates that there is insufficient evidence to draw definitive conclusions regarding the impact of educational or behavioural interventions on TTR in AF patients receiving OAT. Thus, more trials are needed to examine the impact of interventions on anticoagulation control in AF patients and the mechanisms by which they are successful. It is also important to explore the psychological implications for patients suffering from this long-term chronic condition. PMID: 28378924 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - April 5, 2017 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Clarkesmith DE, Pattison HM, Khaing PH, Lane DA Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research

Population-level interventions in government jurisdictions for dietary sodium reduction.
CONCLUSIONS: Population-level interventions in government jurisdictions for dietary sodium reduction have the potential to result in population-wide reductions in salt intake from pre-intervention to post-intervention, particularly if they are multi-component (more than one intervention activity) and incorporate intervention activities of a structural nature (e.g. food product reformulation), and particularly amongst men. Heterogeneity across studies was significant, reflecting different contexts (population and setting) and initiative characteristics. Implementation of future initiatives should embed more effective means ...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - September 15, 2016 Category: Journals (General) Authors: McLaren L, Sumar N, Barberio AM, Trieu K, Lorenzetti DL, Tarasuk V, Webster J, Campbell NR Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research

Self management programmes for quality of life in people with stroke.
CONCLUSIONS: The current evidence indicates that self management programmes may benefit people with stroke who are living in the community. The benefits of such programmes lie in improved quality of life and self efficacy. These are all well-recognised goals for people after stroke. There is evidence for many modes of delivery and examples of tailoring content to the target group. Leaders were usually professionals but peers (stroke survivors and carers) were also reported - the commonality is being trained and expert in stroke and its consequences. It would be beneficial for further research to be focused on identifying k...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - August 21, 2016 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Fryer CE, Luker JA, McDonnell MN, Hillier SL Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research

Interventions for post-stroke fatigue.
CONCLUSIONS: There was insufficient evidence on the efficacy of any intervention to treat or prevent fatigue after stroke. Trials to date have been small and heterogeneous, and some have had a high risk of bias. Some of the interventions described were feasible in people with stroke, but their efficacy should be investigated in RCTs with a more robust study design and adequate sample sizes. PMID: 26133313 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - July 2, 2015 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Wu S, Kutlubaev MA, Chun HY, Cowey E, Pollock A, Macleod MR, Dennis M, Keane E, Sharpe M, Mead GE Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research

Interventions for improving modifiable risk factor control in the secondary prevention of stroke.
CONCLUSIONS: Pooled results indicated that educational interventions were not associated with clear differences in any of the review outcomes. The estimated effects of organisational interventions were compatible with improvements and no differences in several modifiable risk factors. We identified a large number of ongoing studies, suggesting that research in this area is increasing. The use of standardised outcome measures would facilitate the synthesis of future research findings. PMID: 24789063 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - May 2, 2014 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Lager KE, Mistri AK, Khunti K, Haunton VJ, Sett AK, Wilson AD Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research

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