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Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists and sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors for people with cardiovascular disease: a network meta-analysis
CONCLUSIONS: Findings from both standard and network meta-analyses of moderate- to high-certainty evidence suggest that GLP-1RA and SGLT2i are likely to reduce the risk of CVD mortality and all-cause mortality in people with established CVD; high-certainty evidence demonstrates that treatment with SGLT2i reduce the risk of hospitalisation for HF, while moderate-certainty evidence likely supports the use of GLP-1RA to reduce fatal and non-fatal stroke. Future studies conducted in the non-diabetic CVD population will reveal the mechanisms behind how these agents improve clinical outcomes irrespective of their glucose-lowerin...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - October 25, 2021 Category: General Medicine Authors: Takayoshi Kanie Atsushi Mizuno Yoshimitsu Takaoka Takahiro Suzuki Daisuke Yoneoka Yuri Nishikawa Wilson Wai San Tam Jakub Morze Andrzej Rynkiewicz Yiqiao Xin Olivia Wu Rui Providencia Joey Sw Kwong Source Type: research

Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
CONCLUSIONS: Pioglitazone reduced or delayed the development of T2DM in people at increased risk of T2DM compared with placebo (low-certainty evidence) and compared with no intervention (moderate-certainty evidence). It is unclear whether the effect of pioglitazone is sustained once discontinued. Pioglitazone compared with metformin neither showed advantage nor disadvantage regarding the development of T2DM in people at increased risk (low-certainty evidence). The data and reporting of all-cause mortality, SAEs, micro- and macrovascular complications were generally sparse. None of the included studies reported on QoL or so...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - November 19, 2020 Category: General Medicine Authors: Ipsen EØ, Madsen KS, Chi Y, Pedersen-Bjergaard U, Richter B, Metzendorf MI, Hemmingsen B Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research

Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
CONCLUSIONS: There is no clear evidence whether metformin monotherapy compared with no intervention, behaviour changing interventions or other glucose-lowering drugs influences patient-important outcomes. PMID: 32501595 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - June 4, 2020 Category: General Medicine Authors: Gnesin F, Thuesen ACB, Kähler LKA, Madsbad S, Hemmingsen B Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research

Metformin for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in persons at increased risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
CONCLUSIONS: Metformin compared with placebo or diet and exercise reduced or delayed the risk of T2DM in people at increased risk for the development of T2DM (moderate-quality evidence). However, metformin compared to intensive diet and exercise did not reduce or delay the risk of T2DM (moderate-quality evidence). Likewise, the combination of metformin and intensive diet and exercise compared to intensive diet and exercise only neither showed an advantage or disadvantage regarding the development of T2DM (very low-quality evidence). Data on patient-important outcomes such as mortality, macrovascular and microvascular diabe...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - December 2, 2019 Category: General Medicine Authors: Madsen KS, Chi Y, Metzendorf MI, Richter B, Hemmingsen B Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research

Metformin and second- or third-generation sulphonylurea combination therapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
CONCLUSIONS: There is inconclusive evidence whether M+S combination therapy compared with metformin plus another glucose-lowering intervention results in benefit or harm for most patient-important outcomes (mortality, SAEs, macrovascular and microvascular complications) with the exception of hypoglycaemia (more harm for M+S combination). No RCT reported on health-related quality of life. PMID: 30998259 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - April 17, 2019 Category: General Medicine Authors: Madsen KS, Kähler P, Kähler LKA, Madsbad S, Gnesin F, Metzendorf MI, Richter B, Hemmingsen B Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research

Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus.
CONCLUSIONS: AGI may prevent or delay the development of T2DM in people with IGT. There is no firm evidence that AGI have a beneficial effect on cardiovascular mortality or cardiovascular events. PMID: 30592787 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - December 28, 2018 Category: General Medicine Authors: Moelands SV, Lucassen PL, Akkermans RP, De Grauw WJ, Van de Laar FA Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research

Dipeptidyl-peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 analogues for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at increased risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
CONCLUSIONS: There is no firm evidence that DPP-4 inhibitors or GLP-1 analogues compared mainly with placebo substantially influence the risk of T2DM and especially its associated complications in people at increased risk for the development of T2DM. Most trials did not investigate patient-important outcomes. PMID: 28489279 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - May 10, 2017 Category: General Medicine Authors: Hemmingsen B, Sonne DP, Metzendorf MI, Richter B Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research

WITHDRAWN: Metformin monotherapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus.
CONCLUSIONS: Metformin may be the first therapeutic option in the diabetes mellitus type 2 with overweight or obesity, as it may prevent some vascular complications, and mortality. Metformin produces beneficial changes in glycaemia control, and moderated in weight, lipids, insulinaemia and diastolic blood pressure. Sulphonylureas, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, thiazolidinediones, meglitinides, insulin, and diet fail to show more benefit for glycaemia control, body weight, or lipids, than metformin. PMID: 26421423 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - September 30, 2015 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Saenz A, Fernandez-Esteban I, Mataix A, Ausejo Segura M, Roqué I Figuls M, Moher D Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research