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Source: Current Treatment Options in Neurology
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Total 69 results found since Jan 2013.
Update on Transient Global Amnesia (TGA): Current Theories Underlying the Etiology, Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Management of TGA
AbstractPurpose of reviewThis review discusses a condition known as Transient Global Amnesia (TGA). We discuss the most up-to-date theories related to etiology and risk factors, as well as its correlations to other conditions such as Takotsubo cardiomyopathy and reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS).Recent findingsIn these other conditions, there appears to be an involvement in a mind-brain-body connection, potentially through a sympathetic surge leading to cerebral vasoconstriction and hypoperfusion. Although TGA is thought to be a seemingly benign condition, it can mimic other neurological emergencies s...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Neurology - July 3, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Update on Large-Vessel Revascularization in Acute Ischemic Stroke
AbstractPurpose of reviewThis review presents the critical appraisal of current therapeutic strategies for patients with large-vessel occlusion (LVO) acute ischemic stroke (AIS). We provide the reader with most recent evidence supporting endovascular thrombectomy (EVT), different techniques used for thrombectomy, and highlight knowledge gaps regarding therapeutic efficacy of this intervention in respective subgroup of these patients based on site of occlusion, size of ischemic core, time from symptom onset, utility of concurrent intravenous thrombolysis (IVT), mild strokes, or tandem occlusions.Recent findingsEVT is the es...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Neurology - July 1, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Cerebrovascular Manifestations of SARS-CoV-2: A Comprehensive Review
AbstractPurpose of reviewThe risks of cerebrovascular manifestations due to SARS-CoV-2 infection are significantly increased within the first 6 months of the infection. Our work aims to give an update on current clinical aspects of diagnosis and treatment of cerebrovascular manifestations during acute and long-term SARS-CoV-2 infection.Recent findingsThe incidence of acute ischemic stroke and haemorrhagic stroke during acute SARS-CoV-2 patients is estimated at 0.9 to 4.6% and 0.5 –0.9%, respectively, and were associated with increased mortality. The majority presented with hemiparesis, dysarthria, sensory deficits, and a...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Neurology - March 4, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
An Update on the Treatment of Basilar Artery Occlusion
AbstractPurpose of ReviewBasilar artery occlusion (BAO) is one of the most devastating forms of ischemic stroke with historically high mortality and disability rates. Here, we evaluate the current interventions available to clinicians and present the most recent evidence from randomized clinical trials in support of endovascular thrombectomy as the treatment of choice for BAO.Recent FindingsTwo recent randomized clinical trials (ATTENTION and BAOCHE) have provided convincing evidence of the superiority of endovascular thrombectomy over medical management for patients with BAO. Although questions regarding the generalizabil...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Neurology - March 3, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Diagnosis and Treatment of Poststroke Epilepsy: Where Do We Stand?
AbstractPurpose of ReviewStroke is the most common cause of seizures and epilepsy in older adults. This educational paper aims to give an update on current clinical aspects of diagnosis and treatment of poststroke epilepsy.Recent FindingsRegarding epileptic seizures related to stroke, it is important to distinguish between acute symptomatic seizures and unprovoked seizures as they differ in their risk for seizure recurrence. In fact, after a single unprovoked poststroke seizure, a diagnosis of epilepsy can be made because there is a greater than 60% risk for further seizures. Clinical models that can predict the developmen...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Neurology - December 1, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Telestroke ’s Role Through the COVID-19 Pandemic and Beyond
AbstractPurpose of reviewThe goal of this paper is to discuss the role and utilization of telestroke services through the COVID-19 pandemic and to suggest future directions to sustain and increase patients ’ access to stroke expertise.Recent findingsTelestroke is an innovative and effective tool that has been shown to improve access, quality of care, and outcomes of patients with acute stroke syndromes in resource-limited areas for the last two decades. The COVID-19 pandemic posed a significant challenge and strained healthcare systems worldwide, but it created novel and unique opportunities to expand and increase the ut...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Neurology - August 19, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Quality Improvement in Neurocritical Care: a Review of the Current Landscape and Best Practices
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe field of neurocritical care (NCC) has grown such that there is now a substantial body of literature on quality improvement specific to NCC. This review will discuss the development of this literature over time and highlight current best practices with practical tips for providers.Recent FindingsThere is tremendous variability in patient care models for NCC patients, despite evidence showing that certain structural elements are associated with better outcomes. There now also exist evidence-based recommendations for neurocritical care unit (NCCU) structure and processes, as well as NCC-specific p...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Neurology - August 6, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
A Review of the Current Literature and Updates on Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source (ESUS)
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe initial ESUS construct presumed that atrial fibrillation (AF) would be detected in a substantial percentage of patients, but subsequent studies have determined that the rate of AF detection is much lower than anticipated, thereby highlighting other potential causes of ESUS. To date, there is no clear consensus supporting PFO closure or anticoagulation in ESUS patients. In this review, we discuss the recent studies on potential causes of ESUS and related work-up as well as report the recent trials on the treatment of ESUS.Recent FindingsSome of the potential causes of ESUS are undetected AF, pat...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Neurology - August 6, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Tenecteplase or Alteplase: What Is the Thrombolytic Agent of the Future?
AbstractPurpose of reviewAlteplase has been the thrombolytic of choice for acute ischaemic stroke for more than two decades. A thrombolytic which is easier to administer and with improved or comparable safety and efficacy is desirable. Tenecteplase has emerged as a potential successor, and its off-license use in acute ischaemic stroke has increased in recent years. We aimed to examine the evidence base for each drug and discuss their use in varying patient populations in acute ischaemic stroke.Recent findingsSeveral trials comparing tenecteplase and alteplase have reported very recently with the results of the ACT trial st...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Neurology - July 30, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention of Stroke in Transgender Adults
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTo identify the current state of science on stroke in transgender adults and highlight gaps in need of further research. We will review current research on cerebrovascular risk and disease, hormone therapy, and stroke in transgender individuals. Finally, we will provide a framework for healthcare providers to prevent and reduce disparities through inclusive care practices.Recent FindingsTransgender people experience unique stroke risk factors, secondary to both psychosocial stress and health-related behaviors. These include higher rates of HIV, tobacco use, stimulant use, and hepatitis C. The use o...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Neurology - July 11, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Stroke Treatment in the Era of COVID-19: a Review
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTo describe a comprehensive review of the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and treatment of stroke in the era of COVID-19.Recent FindingsCOVID-19 is associated with myriad neurological disorders, including cerebrovascular disease. While ischemic stroke is the most common, COVID-19 is associated with an increased risk of intracranial hemorrhage, arterial dissection, posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, and cerebral venous sinus thrombosis. In this review, we discuss the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and treatment of stroke due to COVID-19. In addition, we describe how COVID-19 has changed th...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Neurology - April 25, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Correction to: Acute Stroke Treatment in Children: Are Adult Guidelines Applicable?
Source: Current Treatment Options in Neurology - April 11, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Acute Stroke Treatment in Children: Are Adult Guidelines Applicable?
This article provides an overview of acute treatments in stroke which are widely studied and available for adults and their applicability in the pediatric population.Recent FindingsArterial ischemic stroke is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in the pediatric population. Neurological deficits and etiologies are age-dependent and more challenging to diagnose than in the adult population. Advancements in imaging and treatment modalities including increased treatment windows in acute stroke have led to improvement in the diagnosis and management of pediatric arterial ischemic disease. Accordingly, hyperacute treat...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Neurology - February 19, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Acute Stroke Treatment in an Anticoagulated Patient: When Is Thrombolysis an Option?
AbstractPurpose of ReviewDirect oral anticoagulants (DOACs: the factor Xa inhibitors rivaroxaban, apixaban, and edoxaban and the direct thrombin inhibitor dabigatran) are the mainstay of stroke prevention in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (AF). Nevertheless, there is a residual stroke risk of 1 –2% per year despite DOAC therapy. Intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) reduces morbidity in patients with ischemic stroke and improves functional outcome. Prior DOAC therapy is a (relative) contraindication for IVT but emerging evidence supports its use in selected patients.Recent FindingsRecent observational studies hi...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Neurology - November 16, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Dual Antiplatelet Therapy in Ischemic Stroke Prevention: Which Two Could Be Better than One?
AbstractPurpose of reviewRecurrent stroke after ischemic stroke (IS) or high-risk transient ischemic attack (TIA) increases morbidity and mortality. Secondary stroke prevention strategies include modification of behavioral and vascular risk factors and antithrombotic use, including single or dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT). In this review, we focus on DAPT indications, combinations, and treatment duration.Recent findingsStudies showed that for patients with mild to moderate non-cardioembolic strokes or those with symptomatic intracranial or mild extracranial stenosis ( ≤ 30% diameter reduction), short-term DAPT (21–...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Neurology - November 5, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
