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Fixed dose combination therapies in primary cardiovascular disease prevention in different groups: an individual participant meta-analysis
Conclusions In participants with intermediate cardiovascular risk, FDCs produce larger cardiovascular benefits in older individuals, which appear greater with aspirin. Trial registration number HOPE-3, NCT00468923; TIPS-3, NCT016464137; PolyIran, NCT01271985.
Source: Heart - August 24, 2023 Category: Cardiology Authors: Dagenais, G. R., Pais, P., Gao, P., Roshandel, G., Malekzadeh, R., Joseph, P., Yusuf, S. Tags: Cardiac risk factors and prevention Source Type: research

Lower birth weight is linked to poorer cardiovascular health in middle-aged population-based adults
Conclusions Lower birth weight was associated with greater risk of incident MI and unhealthy LV phenotypes; effects were partially mediated through cardiometabolic disease and systemic inflammation. These findings support consideration of birth weight in risk prediction and highlight actionable areas for disease prevention.
Source: Heart - March 10, 2023 Category: Cardiology Authors: Raisi-Estabragh, Z., Cooper, J., Bethell, M. S., McCracken, C., Lewandowski, A. J., Leeson, P., Neubauer, S., Harvey, N. C., Petersen, S. E. Tags: Open access Cardiac risk factors and prevention Source Type: research

Population-wide cohort study of statin use for the secondary cardiovascular disease prevention in Scotland in 2009-2017
Conclusions Statin use remains suboptimal for the secondary ASCVD prevention, particularly in women and older patients, and following ischaemic stroke and PAD hospitalisations. Improving this would offer substantial benefits to population health at low cost.
Source: Heart - February 14, 2023 Category: Cardiology Authors: Thalmann, I., Preiss, D., Schlackow, I., Gray, A., Mihaylova, B. Tags: Open access Healthcare delivery, economics and global health Source Type: research

Cardiovascular disease and mortality sequelae of COVID-19 in the UK Biobank
Conclusions Individuals hospitalised with COVID-19 have increased risk of incident cardiovascular events across a range of disease and mortality outcomes. The risk of most events is highest in the early postinfection period. Individuals not requiring hospitalisation have increased risk of VTE, but not of other cardiovascular-specific outcomes.
Source: Heart - December 22, 2022 Category: Cardiology Authors: Raisi-Estabragh, Z., Cooper, J., Salih, A., Raman, B., Lee, A. M., Neubauer, S., Harvey, N. C., Petersen, S. E. Tags: Open access, Editor's choice, Press releases, COVID-19 Cardiac risk factors and prevention Source Type: research

BMJ Rapid Recommendations on use of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 9 inhibitors and ezetimibe to reduce cardiovascular risk
The new BMJ Rapid Recommendations addressed the following question: should we add another lipid-lowering drug in adults with low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) over 1.8 mmol/L using a maximal dose of statins or intolerant to statins?1 Why is this question important? Both proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors and ezetimibe have been shown to reduce LDL-C by approximately 60% and approximately 20%, respectively, and correspondingly may reduce major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), including all-cause death, cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke. However, the bene...
Source: Heart - July 27, 2022 Category: Cardiology Authors: White, H. D. Tags: Editorials Source Type: research

Correspondence on 'Omega-3 supplementation and cardiovascular disease: formulation-based systematic review and meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis' by Rizos et al
In their review and meta-analysis, Rizos et al1 reported that omega-3 supplementation at low and higher dosages showed no or weak associations with cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes, respectively. More recent reviews also showed protective activity of omega-3 against CVD outcomes. For instance, omega-3 (2–4 g/day) in patients with high or very high triglyceride (TG) levels decreases significantly high-sensitivity C reactive protein (hsCRP), lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2), and oxidised low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol (oxLDL) levels, and the reduction of hsCRP is enhanced when co-admini...
Source: Heart - March 25, 2022 Category: Cardiology Authors: Kountouras, J., Doulberis, M., Kazakos, E., Tzika, S. K., Vardaka, E., Liatsos, C., Papaefthymiou, A. Tags: Correspondence Source Type: research

Novel bleeding prediction model in atrial fibrillation patients on new oral anticoagulants
Conclusions We present a novel and simple risk score for prediction of major bleeding in patients with non-valvular AF treated with NOACs. Validation in additional cohorts is warranted.
Source: Heart - January 28, 2022 Category: Cardiology Authors: Barnett-Griness, O., Stein, N., Kotler, A., Saliba, W., Gronich, N. Tags: Editor's choice Arrhythmias and sudden death Source Type: research

Cardiovascular highlights from non-cardiology journals
Cholesterol Lowering in Intermediate-risk Persons without Cardiovascular Disease Implementation of statin therapy in practice for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease is controversial due to concerns over costs and side-effects with broader use and uncertainty regarding LDL goals in the primary prevention population. Previous primary prevention trials suggest a reduction in cardiovascular outcomes in largely white patients with significant risk factors for coronary disease. The HOPE-3 trial randomized a diverse population of 12,000 individuals over 55 years of age (women over 60) with 1–2 relatively modest ri...
Source: Heart - September 12, 2016 Category: Cardiology Authors: Kearney, K., McCabe, J. M. Tags: Journal scan Source Type: research

Anthropometric measures in cardiovascular disease prediction: comparison of laboratory-based versus non-laboratory-based model
Conclusions Among middle-aged and elderly where the ability of BMI to predict CVD declines, the non-laboratory-based model, based on ABSI, could predict CVD risk as accurately as the laboratory-based model among men.
Source: Heart - February 12, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Dhana, K., Ikram, M. A., Hofman, A., Franco, O. H., Kavousi, M. Tags: Drugs: cardiovascular system Cardiac risk factors and prevention Source Type: research

Peripheral neuropathy and the risk of cardiovascular events in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Conclusions PN is associated with increased risk for a first cardiovascular event among individuals with diabetes.
Source: Heart - November 9, 2014 Category: Cardiology Authors: Brownrigg, J. R. W., de Lusignan, S., McGovern, A., Hughes, C., Thompson, M. M., Ray, K. K., Hinchliffe, R. J. Tags: Drugs: cardiovascular system, Heart failure, Hypertension, Acute coronary syndromes, Diabetes, Metabolic disorders, Tobacco use Cardiac risk factors and prevention Source Type: research

Cardiovascular highlights from non-cardiology journals
Niacin fails to prevent cardiovascular events Observational studies have consistently demonstrated that levels of LDL cholesterol directly correlate with cardiovascular risk while HDL levels are inversely related to cardiovascular risk. Niacin is known to reduce LDL levels and concurrently raise HDL levels. In the HPS2-THRIVE study, 25,673 patients with a background of vascular disease were randomized to receive 2 g of extended-release niacin and 40 mg of laropiprant (an anti-flushing agent) or a matching placebo daily. Prior to starting the study, in a run-in phase, background statin therapy was standardized wit...
Source: Heart - September 23, 2014 Category: Cardiology Authors: Bradley, S. M. Tags: Journal scan Source Type: research