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Mortality following a cardiovascular or renal event in patients with type 2 diabetes in the ALTITUDE trial
Conclusion The majority of deaths occurred in patients who did not experience a non-fatal CV or renal event, although the risk of death was higher following an event. Our findings illustrate continuing opportunities to reduce morbidity and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Source: European Heart Journal - September 21, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Jhund, P. S., McMurray, J. J. V., Chaturvedi, N., Brunel, P., Desai, A. S., Finn, P. V., Haffner, S. M., Solomon, S. D., Weinrauch, L. A., Claggett, B. L., Pfeffer, M. A. Tags: Prevention and epidemiology Source Type: research

Impact of glucose-lowering drugs on cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by multiple pathophysiologic abnormalities. With time, multiple glucose-lowering medications are commonly required to reduce and maintain plasma glucose concentrations within the normal range. Type 2 diabetes mellitus individuals also are at a very high risk for microvascular complications and the incidence of heart attack and stroke is increased two- to three-fold compared with non-diabetic individuals. Therefore, when selecting medications to normalize glucose levels in T2DM patients, it is important that the agent not aggravate, and ideally even improve, cardiovascular ri...
Source: European Heart Journal - September 7, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Ferrannini, E., DeFronzo, R. A. Tags: Clinical update Source Type: research

Cardiovascular risk in post-myocardial infarction patients: nationwide real world data demonstrate the importance of a long-term perspective
Conclusions Risk of cardiovascular events appeared high beyond the first year post-MI, indicating a need for prolonged surveillance, particularly in patients with additional risk factors.
Source: European Heart Journal - May 14, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Jernberg, T., Hasvold, P., Henriksson, M., Hjelm, H., Thuresson, M., Janzon, M. Tags: Acute coronary syndrome Source Type: research

Peripheral arterial disease and critical limb ischaemia: still poor outcomes and lack of guideline adherence
Conclusion Regardless of recent advances in PAD treatment, current outcomes remain poor especially in CLI. Despite overwhelming evidence for reduction of limb loss by revascularization, CLI patients still received significantly less angiographies and revascularizations.
Source: European Heart Journal - April 14, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Reinecke, H., Unrath, M., Freisinger, E., Bunzemeier, H., Meyborg, M., Luders, F., Gebauer, K., Roeder, N., Berger, K., Malyar, N. M. Tags: Peripheral artery disease Source Type: research

Metabolically healthy obesity and the risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes: the Whitehall II cohort study
Conclusion For type 2 diabetes, the MHO phenotype is associated with lower risk than the metabolically unhealthy obese, but for CVD the risk is as elevated in both obesity phenotypes.
Source: European Heart Journal - March 1, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Hinnouho, G.-M., Czernichow, S., Dugravot, A., Nabi, H., Brunner, E. J., Kivimaki, M., Singh-Manoux, A. Tags: Prevention and epidemiology Source Type: research

Coronary artery bypass grafting vs. percutaneous coronary intervention for patients with three-vessel disease: final five-year follow-up of the SYNTAX trial
Conclusion Five-year results of patients with 3VD treated with CABG or PCI using the first-generation paclitaxel-eluting DES suggest that CABG should remain the standard of care as it resulted in significantly lower rates of death, MI, and repeat revascularization, while stroke rates were similar. For patients with low SYNTAX scores, PCI is an acceptable revascularization strategy, although at a price of significantly higher rates of repeat revascularization. Clinical trial registration NCT00114972.
Source: European Heart Journal - October 21, 2014 Category: Cardiology Authors: Head, S. J., Davierwala, P. M., Serruys, P. W., Redwood, S. R., Colombo, A., Mack, M. J., Morice, M.-C., Holmes, D. R., Feldman, T. E., Stahle, E., Underwood, P., Dawkins, K. D., Kappetein, A. P., Mohr, F. W. Tags: Coronary artery disease Source Type: research

Antihypertensive treatment and risk of atrial fibrillation: a nationwide study
Conclusion Use of ACEis and ARBs compared with β-blockers and diuretics associates with a reduced risk of atrial fibrillation, but not stroke, within the limitations of a retrospective study reporting associations. This suggests that controlling activation of the renin-angiotensin system in addition to controlling blood pressure is associated with a reduced risk of atrial fibrillation.
Source: European Heart Journal - May 7, 2014 Category: Cardiology Authors: Marott, S. C. W., Nielsen, S. F., Benn, M., Nordestgaard, B. G. Tags: Hypertension Source Type: research

Prognostic models for stable coronary artery disease based on electronic health record cohort of 102 023 patients
Conclusion These validated prognostic models could be used in clinical practice to support risk stratification as recommended in clinical guidelines.
Source: European Heart Journal - April 1, 2014 Category: Cardiology Authors: Rapsomaniki, E., Shah, A., Perel, P., Denaxas, S., George, J., Nicholas, O., Udumyan, R., Feder, G. S., Hingorani, A. D., Timmis, A., Smeeth, L., Hemingway, H. Tags: Coronary artery disease Source Type: research

Long-term impact on healthcare resource utilization of statin treatment, and its cost effectiveness in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease: a record linkage study
Conclusion Five years' primary prevention treatment of middle-aged men with a statin significantly reduces healthcare resource utilization, is cost saving, and increases QALYs. Treatment of even younger, lower risk individuals is likely to be cost-effective.
Source: European Heart Journal - February 1, 2014 Category: Cardiology Authors: McConnachie, A., Walker, A., Robertson, M., Marchbank, L., Peacock, J., Packard, C. J., Cobbe, S. M., Ford, I. Tags: Prevention and epidemiology Source Type: research

Cardiovascular mortality in relation to birth weight of children and grandchildren in 500 000 Norwegian families
Conclusion Associations between CVD mortality in all four grandparents and grandchild birth weight exist, and while genetic and environmental factors may contribute to these, it appears that there is an important role for maternal smoking during pregnancy (and associated paternal smoking) in generating these associations. For diabetes, however, it appears that intrauterine environmental influences and genetic factors contribute to the transgenerational associations.
Source: European Heart Journal - November 21, 2013 Category: Cardiology Authors: Naess, O., Stoltenberg, C., Hoff, D. A., Nystad, W., Magnus, P., Tverdal, A., Davey Smith, G. Tags: Prevention and epidemiology Source Type: research

Trends in age-specific coronary heart disease mortality in the European Union over three decades: 1980-2009
Conclusion There is limited evidence to support the hypothesis that CHD mortality rates in younger age groups in the member states of the EU have been more likely to plateau than in older age groups. There are, however, substantial and persistent inequalities between countries. It remains vitally important for the whole EU to monitor and work towards reducing preventable risk factors for CHD and other chronic conditions to promote wellbeing and equity across the region.
Source: European Heart Journal - October 14, 2013 Category: Cardiology Authors: Nichols, M., Townsend, N., Scarborough, P., Rayner, M. Tags: Coronary artery disease Source Type: research

The impact of susceptibility loci for coronary artery disease on other vascular domains and recurrence risk
Conclusions These findings suggest that CAD/MI-associated risk alleles play an aetiological role in different types of atherosclerotic disease.
Source: European Heart Journal - October 1, 2013 Category: Cardiology Authors: Tragante, V., Doevendans, P. A. F. M., Nathoe, H. M., van der Graaf, Y., Spiering, W., Algra, A., de Borst, G. J., de Bakker, P. I. W., Asselbergs, F. W., on behalf of the SMART study group Tags: Coronary artery disease Source Type: research

Resistant hypertension: a frequent and ominous finding among hypertensive patients with atherothrombosis
Conclusion The presence of resistant hypertension identifies a subgroup of patients with hypertension and atherothrombosis who are at heightened risk for adverse long-term outcomes.
Source: European Heart Journal - April 21, 2013 Category: Cardiology Authors: Kumbhani, D. J., Steg, P. G., Cannon, C. P., Eagle, K. A., Smith, S. C., Crowley, K., Goto, S., Ohman, E. M., Bakris, G. L., Perlstein, T. S., Kinlay, S., Bhatt, D. L., on Behalf of the REACH Registry Investigators Tags: Hypertension Source Type: research

Stroke and bleeding risk assessment in atrial fibrillation: when, how, and why?
The objective of this review article is to provide an overview of stroke and bleeding risk assessment in AF. There would be particular emphasis on when, how, and why to use these risk stratification schemes, with a specific focus on the CHADS2 [congestive heart failure, hypertension, age, diabetes, stroke (doubled)], CHA2DS2-VASc [congestive heart failure or left ventricular dysfunction, hypertension, age ≥75 (doubled), diabetes, stroke (doubled)-vascular disease, age 65–74 and sex category (female)], and HAS-BLED [hypertension (i.e. uncontrolled blood pressure), abnormal renal/liver function, stroke, bleeding his...
Source: European Heart Journal - April 7, 2013 Category: Cardiology Authors: Lip, G. Y. H. Tags: REVIEWS Source Type: research

Stroke and coronary heart disease: predictive power of standard risk factors into old age--long-term cumulative risk study among men in Gothenburg, Sweden
Conclusion The prediction of traditional risk factors (systolic blood pressure, total serum cholesterol, and smoking status) on short-term risk (0–10 years) and long-term risk (0–35 years) of CHD of stroke differs substantially. This indicates that the cumulative risk in middle-aged men based on these traditional risk factors can effectively be used to predict CHD but not stroke to the same extent.
Source: European Heart Journal - April 7, 2013 Category: Cardiology Authors: Giang, K. W., Bjorck, L., Novak, M., Lappas, G., Wilhelmsen, L., Toren, K., Rosengren, A. Tags: Prevention and epidemiology Source Type: research

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