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Carotid Stiffness Is Associated With Incident Stroke A Systematic Review and Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis
ConclusionsCarotid stiffness is associated with incident stroke independently of CV factors and aortic stiffness. In addition, carotid stiffness improves stroke risk prediction beyond Framingham and aortic stiffness.
Source: Journal of the American College of Cardiology - November 2, 2015 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research

Relationship of Sedentary Behavior and Physical Activity to Incident Cardiovascular Disease: Results From the Women's Health Initiative
Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the independent and joint associations of sitting time and physical activity with risk of incident cardiovascular disease (CVD).Background: Sedentary behavior is recognized as a distinct construct beyond lack of leisure-time physical activity, but limited data exist on the interrelationship between these 2 components of energy balance.Methods: Participants in the prospective Women’s Health Initiative Observational Study (n = 71,018), 50 to 79 years of age and free of CVD at baseline (1993 to 1998), provided information on sedentary behavior, defined as hours of sitting/d...
Source: Journal of the American College of Cardiology - April 12, 2013 Category: Cardiology Authors: Andrea K. Chomistek, JoAnn E. Manson, Marcia L. Stefanick, Bing Lu, Megan Sands-Lincoln, Scott B. Going, Lorena Garcia, Matthew A. Allison, Stacy T. Sims, Michael J. LaMonte, Karen C. Johnson, Charles B. Eaton Tags: Cardiovascular Risk Source Type: research

The Year in Atherothrombosis
A number of studies have addressed the prevalence and significance of cardiovascular disease (CVD) worldwide. According to the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010, age-standardized death rates for CVD decreased by approximately 20% in the last 2 decades, but coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke constitute the 2 leading causes of death in the world due to respective 35% and 26% increases in crude mortality () . Furthermore, when combining years of life lost and years lived with disability, CHD and stroke rank first and third, respectively . Amongst risk factors, arterial hypertension was identified as the main source of ...
Source: Journal of the American College of Cardiology - August 2, 2013 Category: Cardiology Authors: Javier Sanz, Pedro R. Moreno, Valentin Fuster Tags: YEAR IN CARDIOLOGY SERIES Source Type: research

“De-Risking” Risk Reduction: Should Coronary Artery Calcium Scoring Be the Gatekeeper to Preventive Pharmacotherapy With the Polypill?∗
The cardiovascular disease (CVD) epidemic remains the leading cause of death worldwide . Widespread adoption of the Western diet and lifestyle by populations in emergent countries with low or middle income has resulted in dramatic increases in the incidence of coronary heart disease and stroke. An overwhelming proportion of the cardiovascular risk is explained by the cumulative presence of classic and potentially modifiable risk factors, and this effect does not seem to be influenced by sex, ethnicity, or geography . Therefore, to effectively reduce risk and improve outcomes, prevention strategies should be conducted and i...
Source: Journal of the American College of Cardiology - October 25, 2013 Category: Cardiology Authors: William Wijns, Dan Rusinaru Tags: Cardiometabolic Risk: Editorial Comment Source Type: research

The Current State of Niacin in Cardiovascular Disease Prevention: A Systematic Review and Meta-Regression
Conclusions: The consensus perspective derived from available clinical data supports that niacin reduces CVD events and, further, that this may occur through a mechanism not reflected by changes in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration.
Source: Journal of the American College of Cardiology - December 26, 2012 Category: Cardiology Authors: Paul M. Lavigne, Richard H. Karas Tags: Cardiometabolic Risk Source Type: research

Behavioral Mechanisms, Elevated Depressive Symptoms, and the Risk for Myocardial Infarction or Death in Individuals With Coronary Heart Disease: The REGARDS (Reason for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke) Study
Conclusions: Our findings suggest potential roles for behavioral interventions targeting smoking and physical inactivity in patients with CHD and comorbid depression.
Source: Journal of the American College of Cardiology - January 7, 2013 Category: Cardiology Authors: Siqin Ye, Paul Muntner, Daichi Shimbo, Suzanne E. Judd, Joshua Richman, Karina W. Davidson, Monika M. Safford Tags: Coronary Artery Disease Source Type: research

The Relationship Between Metabolic Risk Factors and Incident Cardiovascular Disease in Europeans, South Asians, and African Caribbeans: SABRE (Southall and Brent Revisited)—A Prospective Population-Based Study
This study sought to determine whether ethnic differences in diabetes, dyslipidemia, and ectopic fat deposition account for ethnic differences in incident cardiovascular disease. Background: Coronary heart disease risks are elevated in South Asians and are lower in African Caribbeans compared with Europeans. These ethnic differences map to lipid patterns and ectopic fat deposition. Methods: Cardiovascular risk factors were assessed in 2,049 Europeans, 1,517 South Asians, and 630 African Caribbeans from 1988 through 1991 (mean age: 52.4 ± 6.9 years). Fatal and nonfatal events were captured over a median 20.5-year follo...
Source: Journal of the American College of Cardiology - April 24, 2013 Category: Cardiology Authors: Therese Tillin, Alun D. Hughes, Jamil Mayet, Peter Whincup, Naveed Sattar, Nita G. Forouhi, Paul M. McKeigue, Nish Chaturvedi Tags: Cardiometabolic Risk Source Type: research

Effects of Habitual Coffee Consumption on Cardiometabolic Disease, Cardiovascular Health, and All-Cause Mortality
Coffee, after water, is the most widely consumed beverage in the United States, and is the principal source of caffeine intake among adults. The biological effects of coffee may be substantial and are not limited to the actions of caffeine. Coffee is a complex beverage containing hundreds of biologically active compounds, and the health effects of chronic coffee intake are wide ranging. From a cardiovascular (CV) standpoint, coffee consumption may reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension, as well as other conditions associated with CV risk such as obesity and depression; but it may adversely affect lipi...
Source: Journal of the American College of Cardiology - July 19, 2013 Category: Cardiology Authors: James H. O'Keefe, Salman K. Bhatti, Harshal R. Patil, James J. DiNicolantonio, Sean C. Lucan, Carl J. Lavie Tags: STATE-OF-THE-ART PAPER Source Type: research

Reply: Effects of Habitual Coffee Consumption on Vascular Function
We thank Dr. Siasos and colleagues for pointing out that habitual coffee consumption has been associated with improved endothelial function in elderly inhabitants of Ikaria Island . The improvement in endothelial function may in part account for the associations of moderate coffee intake (about 2 to 4 cups daily) with lower risks for coronary heart disease and stroke . Indeed, even in the setting of endothelium damage, coffee has the ability to prevent arterial thrombus formation, a benefit that is independent of its caffeine content . Recent studies also indicate that moderate daily coffee intake may confer protection a...
Source: Journal of the American College of Cardiology - November 1, 2013 Category: Cardiology Authors: James J. DiNicolantonio, James H. O'Keefe, Carl J. Lavie Tags: Letters to the Editor Source Type: research

Alice in Lipidland The 2013 ACC/AHA Guideline on the Treatment of Blood Cholesterol ∗
In the topsy-turvy world of Lewis Carroll’s Alice in Wonderland(1), the Cheshire Cat said, “only a few find the way, some don’t recognize it when they do—some … don’t ever want to.” Such was the status of many healthcare providers and patients in November 2013 at the issuance of the 2013 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Guideline on the Treatment of Blood Cholesterol to Reduce Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Risk in Adults (2). This was coupled with the Guideline on the Assessment of Cardiovascular Risk (3), using a new risk assessment calculator, the Pooled Cohort Equations (4), to es...
Source: Journal of the American College of Cardiology - November 24, 2014 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research

Relationship of Oxidized Phospholipids on Apolipoprotein B-100 to Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients Treated With Intensive Versus Moderate Atorvastatin Therapy The TNT Trial
ConclusionsElevated OxPL-apoB levels predict secondary MACE in patients with stable CHD, a risk that is mitigated by atorvastatin 80 mg. (A Study to Determine the Degree of Additional Reduction in CV Risk in Lowering LDL Below Minimum Target Levels [TNT]; NCT00327691)
Source: Journal of the American College of Cardiology - March 30, 2015 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research

Orthostatic Hypotension Epidemiology, Prognosis, and Treatment
Orthostatic hypotension (OH) is a common cardiovascular disorder, with or without signs of underlying neurodegenerative disease. OH is diagnosed on the basis of an orthostatic challenge and implies a persistent systolic/diastolic blood pressure decrease of at least 20/10 mm Hg upon standing. Its prevalence is age dependent, ranging from 5% in patients 70 years of age. OH may complicate treatment of hypertension, heart failure, and coronary heart disease; cause disabling symptoms, faints, and traumatic injuries; and substantially reduce quality of life. Despite being largely asymptomatic or with minimal symptoms, the pres...
Source: Journal of the American College of Cardiology - August 10, 2015 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research

Coronary Calcium Score and the New Guidelines Back to Square One? ∗
Previous guidelines for cardiovascular risk assessment recommended the use of a modified Framingham score to estimate the 10-year risk of hard coronary heart disease (CHD) events, defined as myocardial infarction and CHD death (1). Coronary artery calcium (CAC) scoring for refined stratification received Class IIa or IIb recommendations for those at intermediate (10% to 20%) or low to intermediate (6% to 10%) risk, respectively (2). In 2013, the American College of Cardiology (ACC) and American Heart Association (AHA) released guidelines (3,4) endorsing new sex- and race-specific predictive equations derived from 5 large p...
Source: Journal of the American College of Cardiology - October 5, 2015 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research

Next Steps in Primary Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease Rationale for and Design of the ECAD Trial
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) events, including coronary heart disease and stroke, are the most frequent cause of death and major disability in the world. Current American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association primary prevention guidelines are mainly on the basis of randomized controlled trials of statin-based low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)–lowering therapy for primary prevention of ASCVD events. Despite the clear demonstration of statin-based LDL-C lowering, substantial 10-year and lifetime risks of incident ASCVD continue. Although the 10-year risk is low in young and middle-age...
Source: Journal of the American College of Cardiology - October 12, 2015 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research

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