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Effects of monoaminergic drugs on training-induced motor cortex plasticity in older adults.
Abstract Primary motor cortex (M1) plasticity is involved in motor learning and stroke motor recovery, and enhanced by increasing monoaminergic transmission. Age impacts these processes but there is a paucity of systematic studies on the effects of monoaminergic drugs in older adults. Here, in ten older adults (age 61+ 4 years, 4 males), we determine the effects of a single oral dose of carbidopa/levodopa (DOPA), d-amphetamine (AMPH), methylphenidate (MEPH) and placebo (PLAC) on M1 excitability and motor training-induced M1 plasticity. M1 plasticity is defined as training related long lasting changes in M1 excitab...
Source: Brain Research - June 17, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Kesar TM, Belagaje SR, Pergami P, Haut MW, Hobbs G, Buetefisch CM Tags: Brain Res Source Type: research

Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript peptide increases mitochondrial respiratory chain complex II activity and protects against oxygen-glucose deprivation in neurons.
This study demonstrated that cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) peptide, specifically CART55-102, increased the survival rate, but decreased the mortality of neurons exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD), in a dose-dependent manner. The above-mentioned effects of CART55-102 were most significant at 0.4nM. These results indicated that CART55-102 suppressed neurotoxicity and enhanced neuronal survival after oxygen-glucose deprivation. CART55-102(0.4nM) significantly diminished reactive oxygen species levels and markedly increased the activity of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex II in oxygen-glu...
Source: Brain Research - August 12, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Sha D, Wang L, Zhang J, Qian L, Li Q, Li J, Qian J, Gu S, Han L, Xu P, Xu Y Tags: Brain Res Source Type: research

Therapeutic effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in an animal model of Parkinson's disease.
In conclusion, rTMS treatment improved motor functions and survival of DA neurons, suggesting that the neuroprotective effect of rTMS treatment might be induced by upregulation of neurotrophic/growth factors in the PD animal model. PMID: 23998987 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Brain Research - August 30, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Lee JY, Kim SH, Ko AR, Lee JS, Yu JH, Seo JH, Cho BP, Cho SR Tags: Brain Res Source Type: research