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Condition: Stroke

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Total 27 results found since Jan 2013.

Watch a person unable to speak for years ‘talk’ using a new brain implant
When it comes to talking, our brain does the heavy lifting. It subconsciously directs the complex coordination of lips, tongue, throat, and jaws we need to pronounce words. And it keeps directing, even in people with paralysis or who are unable to turn these commands into speech. Now, scientists have harnessed this phenomenon to create brain implants that transform this neural activity into text with unprecedented speed and accuracy. In two new studies—both reported today in Nature —the devices enabled two people to “speak” for the first time in more than a decade. The implants produced speech from brain...
Source: ScienceNOW - August 23, 2023 Category: Science Source Type: news

News at a glance: A win for obesity drugs, NIH unionization roadblocks, and Mexican fireflies under threat
CONSERVATION Researchers raise alarm over threat to Mexican fireflies Scientists from the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) last week delivered a letter to the Mexican government requesting it regulate tourism centered on the threatened firefly species Photinus palaciosi . Endemic to Mexico’s Tlaxcala forests, P. palaciosi is one of the few species that glow in synchrony, offering an annual spectacle that attracts thousands of visitors during summer mating season. The letter describes how littering, artificial light, and noise interfere with the insects’ courtship and eg...
Source: ScienceNOW - August 10, 2023 Category: Science Source Type: news

Is exercise actually good for the brain?
There are plenty of reasons to get off your duff and exercise—but is improving your brain one of them? The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention touts exercise as a way to “ boost brain health , ” while the World Health Organization suggests that about 2 hours of moderate activity or 75 minutes of vigorous activity per week can help improve thinking and memory skills . But new research reveals a more complex picture. One recent review of the literature suggests the studies tying exercise to brain health may have important limitations , including small sample sizes. Othe...
Source: ScienceNOW - June 30, 2023 Category: Science Source Type: news

Can ‘toxic’ bilirubin treat a variety of illnesses?
Generations of medical and biology students have been instilled with a dim view of bilirubin. Spawned when the body trashes old red blood cells, the molecule is harmful refuse and a sign of illness. High blood levels cause jaundice, which turns the eyes and skin yellow and can signal liver trouble. Newborns can’t process the compound, and although high levels normally subside, a persistent surplus can cause brain damage. Yet later this year up to 40 healthy Australian volunteers may begin receiving infusions of the supposedly good-for-nothing molecule. They will be participating in a phase 1 safety trial, sponsored ...
Source: ScienceNOW - June 8, 2023 Category: Science Source Type: news

When does life end? New organ donation strategy fuels debate
On a chilly holiday Monday in January 2020, a medical milestone passed largely unnoticed. In a New York City operating room, surgeons gently removed the heart from a 43-year-old man who had died and shuttled it steps away to a patient in desperate need of a new one. More than 3500 people in the United States receive a new heart each year. But this case was different—the first of its kind in the country. “It took us 6 months to prepare,” says Nader Moazami, surgical head of heart transplantation at New York University (NYU) Langone Health, where the operation took place. The run-up included oversight from an ethi...
Source: ScienceNOW - May 11, 2023 Category: Science Source Type: news

Scientists tie third clinical trial death to experimental Alzheimer ’s drug
As enthusiasm mounts for a new experimental antibody that appears to slow cognitive decline in some Alzheimer’s patients, a third death linked to the drug during its clinical testing may amplify concerns about its safety. Science has obtained medical records showing a 79-year-old Florida woman participating in an ongoing trial of the antibody died in mid-September after experiencing extensive brain swelling and bleeding, as well as seizures. Multiple neuroscientists who reviewed the records at Science ’s request believe her death was likely caused by the antibody, lecanemab. “The brain swelling and t...
Source: ScienceNOW - December 21, 2022 Category: Science Source Type: news

The final puff: Can New Zealand quit smoking for good?
Smoking kills. Ayesha Verrall has seen it up close. As a young resident physician in New Zealand’s public hospitals in the 2000s, Verrall watched smokers come into the emergency ward every night, struggling to breathe with their damaged lungs. Later, as an infectious disease specialist, she saw how smoking exacerbated illness in individuals diagnosed with tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS. She would tell them: “The best thing you can do to promote your health, other than take the pills, is to quit smoking.” Verrall is still urging citizens to give up cigarettes—no longer just one by one, but by the thousands. As New...
Source: ScienceNOW - December 9, 2022 Category: Science Source Type: news

Second death linked to potential antibody treatment for Alzheimer ’s disease
A 65-year-old woman who was receiving a promising experimental treatment to slow the cognitive decline caused by her early Alzheimer’s disease recently died from a massive brain hemorrhage that some researchers link to the drug. The clinical trial death, described in an unpublished case report Science has obtained, is the second thought to be associated with the antibody called lecanemab. The newly disclosed fatality intensifies questions about its safety and how widely lecanemab should be prescribed if ultimately approved by regulators. The woman, who received infusions of the antibody as part of the trial, s...
Source: ScienceNOW - November 28, 2022 Category: Science Source Type: news

Astrotherapy for stroke
Source: ScienceNOW - April 22, 2021 Category: Science Authors: Maroso, M. Tags: twis Source Type: news

Unipolar stroke, electroosmotic pump carbon nanotube yarn muscles
Success in making artificial muscles that are faster and more powerful and that provide larger strokes would expand their applications. Electrochemical carbon nanotube yarn muscles are of special interest because of their relatively high energy conversion efficiencies. However, they are bipolar, meaning that they do not monotonically expand or contract over the available potential range. This limits muscle stroke and work capacity. Here, we describe unipolar stroke carbon nanotube yarn muscles in which muscle stroke changes between extreme potentials are additive and muscle stroke substantially increases with increasing po...
Source: ScienceNOW - January 28, 2021 Category: Science Authors: Chu, H., Hu, X., Wang, Z., Mu, J., Li, N., Zhou, X., Fang, S., Haines, C. S., Park, J. W., Qin, S., Yuan, N., Xu, J., Tawfick, S., Kim, H., Conlin, P., Cho, M., Cho, K., Oh, J., Nielsen, S., Alberto, K. A., Razal, J. M., Foroughi, J., Spinks, G. M., Kim, Tags: Materials Science reports Source Type: news

Mechanisms of collision recovery in flying beetles and flapping-wing robots
At rest, beetles fold and tuck their hindwings under the elytra. For flight, the hindwings are deployed through a series of unfolding configurations that are passively driven by flapping forces. The folds lock into place as the wing fully unfolds and thereafter operates as a flat membrane to generate the aerodynamic forces. We show that in the rhinoceros beetle (Allomyrina dichotoma), these origami-like folds serve a crucial shock-absorbing function during in-flight wing collisions. When the wing collides with an object, it collapses along the folds and springs back in place within a single stroke. Collisions are thus damp...
Source: ScienceNOW - December 3, 2020 Category: Science Authors: Phan, H. V., Park, H. C. Tags: Engineering, Physiology reports Source Type: news

Coupling of NMDA receptors and TRPM4 guides discovery of unconventional neuroprotectants
Excitotoxicity induced by NMDA receptors (NMDARs) is thought to be intimately linked to high intracellular calcium load. Unexpectedly, NMDAR-mediated toxicity can be eliminated without affecting NMDAR-induced calcium signals. Instead, excitotoxicity requires physical coupling of NMDARs to TRPM4. This interaction is mediated by intracellular domains located in the near-membrane portions of the receptors. Structure-based computational drug screening using the interaction interface of TRPM4 in complex with NMDARs identified small molecules that spare NMDAR-induced calcium signaling but disrupt the NMDAR/TRPM4 complex. These i...
Source: ScienceNOW - October 8, 2020 Category: Science Authors: Yan, J., Bengtson, C. P., Buchthal, B., Hagenston, A. M., Bading, H. Tags: Neuroscience, Online Only r-articles Source Type: news

Spreading edema after stroke
Source: ScienceNOW - March 11, 2020 Category: Science Authors: Hurtley, S. M. Tags: Medicine, Diseases, Neuroscience twis Source Type: news

Cerebrospinal fluid influx drives acute ischemic tissue swelling
Stroke affects millions each year. Poststroke brain edema predicts the severity of eventual stroke damage, yet our concept of how edema develops is incomplete and treatment options remain limited. In early stages, fluid accumulation occurs owing to a net gain of ions, widely thought to enter from the vascular compartment. Here, we used magnetic resonance imaging, radiolabeled tracers, and multiphoton imaging in rodents to show instead that cerebrospinal fluid surrounding the brain enters the tissue within minutes of an ischemic insult along perivascular flow channels. This process was initiated by ischemic spreading depola...
Source: ScienceNOW - March 11, 2020 Category: Science Authors: Mestre, H., Du, T., Sweeney, A. M., Liu, G., Samson, A. J., Peng, W., Mortensen, K. N., Staeger, F. F., Bork, P. A. R., Bashford, L., Toro, E. R., Tithof, J., Kelley, D. H., Thomas, J. H., Hjorth, P. G., Martens, E. A., Mehta, R. I., Solis, O., Blinder, P Tags: Medicine, Diseases, Neuroscience, Online Only r-articles Source Type: news

Shape memory nanocomposite fibers for untethered high-energy microengines
Classic rotating engines are powerful and broadly used but are of complex design and difficult to miniaturize. It has long remained challenging to make large-stroke, high-speed, high-energy microengines that are simple and robust. We show that torsionally stiffened shape memory nanocomposite fibers can be transformed upon insertion of twist to store and provide fast and high-energy rotations. The twisted shape memory nanocomposite fibers combine high torque with large angles of rotation, delivering a gravimetric work capacity that is 60 times higher than that of natural skeletal muscles. The temperature that triggers fiber...
Source: ScienceNOW - July 10, 2019 Category: Science Authors: Yuan, J., Neri, W., Zakri, C., Merzeau, P., Kratz, K., Lendlein, A., Poulin, P. Tags: Materials Science reports Source Type: news