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Lyme neuroborreliosis: Progressive cerebral vasculitis responsive to cyclophosphamide. A case report and review of the literature
Less than 1 % of patients with Lyme Neuroborreliosis (LNB) present with a cerebrovascular event. Ischaemic strokes occur more commonly than parenchymal or subarachnoid haemorrhages. If cerebral vasculitis due to LNB is suspected, antibiotic treatment should be started immediately, which will normally lead to remission. Very rarely progression and recurrent strokes are observed despite sufficient antibiotic therapy, even if steroids are added. Currently there are no guidelines on the adequate treatment of cerebral vasculitis due to LNB which is not responsive to antibiotics and steroids, but in very few reported cases cyclo...
Source: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases - June 17, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: D ésirée Bajons, Roman Fröhlich, Waltraud Grandits, Miroslav Krstic, Helmut Rauschka, Regina Katzenschlager Source Type: research

Distinction between diagnostic and classification criteria: a comment on ‘Biopsy negative giant cell arteritis – Revised diagnostic criteria: Giant cell arteritis diagnostic criteria’
We read with interest the case reported by Dr. Paquale Finelli1 which highlighted the importance of evaluating patients with non-invasive arterial imaging to identify radiographic features of large-vessel vasculitis (LVV). We agree with the author that evaluating for extracranial LVV is advised among patients presenting with stroke, elevated inflammatory markers, systemic inflammatory symptoms, and absence of traditional vascular risk factors; particularly if a thromboembolic source is not identified.
Source: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases - September 29, 2022 Category: Neurology Authors: Matthew J. Koster, Umar Ghaffar, Kenneth J. Warrington Tags: Letter to the Editor Source Type: research

Serial Radiological Findings in Meningovascular Neurosyphilis Presenting as Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Case Report
Meningovascular neurosyphilis, a form of early neurosyphilis, can cause infectious arteritis, which can be complicated by cerebral infarction. High-resolution vessel wall imaging (HR-VWI) is one of the techniques used to directly visualize the vessel wall. Herein, we present a rare case of meningovascular neurosyphilis, in which intracranial arterial vasculitis was evaluated using HR-VWI.
Source: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases - September 6, 2021 Category: Neurology Authors: Ryoma Inui, Yasutaka Murakami, Nobuyuki Ohara, Yuka Yamamoto, Kumiko Ando, Nobuyuki Sakai, Michi Kawamoto Tags: Case Report Source Type: research

Clinical, Laboratory and Ultrasonographic Interrelations in Giant Cell Arteritis
Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is the most common form of systemic vasculitis of medium and large arteries in patients older than 50-years old, causing significant morbidity such as transient or permanent visual loss, aortic aneurysm and stroke.1
Source: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases - January 23, 2021 Category: Neurology Authors: Carolina Soares, Andreia Costa, Rosa Santos, Pedro Abreu, Pedro Castro, Elsa Azevedo Source Type: research

Recurrent Pontine Strokes in a Young Male
A 34-year-old patient presented to the emergency department with recurrent neurologic symptoms of sudden onset. MRI showed white matter hyperintensities consistent with small vessel disease, predominantly in the pons. There were no known cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) and extensive workup for vasculitis was negative. The preliminary diagnosis was small vessel primary central nervous system vasculitis, but immunosuppressive treatment did not stop a progression of the disease over 6 months. Repeated negative diagnostic workup for vasculitis, lack of response to therapy, young age, and predominant involvement of the pons ...
Source: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases - October 22, 2020 Category: Neurology Authors: Marcus Grobe-Einsler, Horst Urbach, Sebastian Paus Tags: Case Report Source Type: research

Intracranial Vessel Wall MRI in Cryptogenic Stroke and Intracranial Vasculitis
Introduction: Intracranial vasculopathies easily elude classic stroke work-up. We aim in this work to show that vessel wall-MRI could prove an efficient alternative to digital subtraction angiography for the diagnosis of intracranial vasculopathies by identifying intracranial arterial vessel walls anomalies and contrast enhancement, suggestive of angiitis of the central nervous system. Materials and methods: Clinical and imaging characteristics of stroke patients diagnosed with primary angiitis of the central nervous system based on vessel wall-MRI were retrospectively reviewed and the clinical and imaging features of angi...
Source: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases - March 5, 2020 Category: Neurology Authors: Virginie Destrebecq, Niloufar Sadeghi, Boris Lubicz, Lise Jodaitis, Noemie Ligot, Gilles Naeije Source Type: research

Wegener's Granolomatosis Presenting as Wallenberg Syndrome: A Case Report
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), formerly known as Wegener's granulomatosis, a vasculitis affecting small and medium sized vessels usually affects the upper and lower respiratory tract, the kidneys, and the eyes. Neurologic manifestation in central nervous system (CNS) is less frequent than the peripheral and usually is in form of stroke. Few cases of lateral medullary ischemic stroke (Wallenberg syndrome) due to GPA have been reported. A 41 year-old female, presented with acute vertigo, nausea/vomiting, hiccups, dysphagia.
Source: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases - April 22, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: Maziar Emamikhah, Farzad Sina, Mahisa Mokhtari, Fatemeh Shirani, Mohammadreza Asadipanah Tags: Case Report Source Type: research

Wegener's Granulomatosis Presenting as Wallenberg Syndrome: A Case Report
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), formerly known as Wegener's granulomatosis, a vasculitis affecting small and medium sized vessels usually affects the upper and lower respiratory tract, the kidneys, and the eyes. Neurologic manifestation in central nervous system (CNS) is less frequent than the peripheral and usually is in form of stroke. Few cases of lateral medullary ischemic stroke (Wallenberg syndrome) due to GPA have been reported. A 41 year-old female, presented with acute vertigo, nausea/vomiting, hiccups, dysphagia.
Source: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases - April 22, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: Maziar Emamikhah, Farzad Sina, Mahisa Mokhtari, Fatemeh Shirani, Mohammadreza Asadipanah Tags: Case Report Source Type: research

Rapidly Progressive Intracranial Vasculopathy in Graft Versus Host Disease
We report a previously undescribed noninflammatory vasculopathy causing multifocal intracranial arterial occlusions and cerebral infarctions in a man following allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for chronic lymphocytic leukemia, which we propose to be a central nervous system manifestation of graft versus host disease.
Source: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases - March 12, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: Theodore Bowen, Shawn A. Silver, Cathy Sila Tags: Case Report Source Type: research

Study on the Clinical, Imaging, and Pathological Characteristics of 18 Cases with Primary Central Nervous System Vasculitis
To summarize the characteristics of primary central nervous system vasculitis from clinical, imaging, and pathological aspects by retrospective study.
Source: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases - January 9, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: Lin-Jing Wang, De-Zheng Kong, Zhen-Ni Guo, Fu-Liang Zhang, Hong-Wei Zhou, Yi Yang Source Type: research

A Rare Complication of Sarcoidosis
Cerebral vasculitis is a serious, but uncommon inflammatory condition of the blood vessel walls, with an annual incidence of 1-2 per million. A variety of disorders including encephalopathy, stroke, seizure, acute or subacute focal deficits should be considered as a differential diagnosis.
Source: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases - August 2, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: Julia Borowicz-Klementowicz, Pawel Klementowicz, Amanda Cox, Peter Martin Source Type: research

Radiologically Isolated Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy-Related Inflammation
In amyloid β-related angiitis of the central nervous system (also called cerebral amyloid angiopathy-related inflammation), cerebral amyloid angiopathy occurs in association with primary vasculitis of small- and medium-sized leptomeningeal and cortical arteries. To avoid brain biopsy, clinicoradiological crit eria (including clinical features due to inflammation-related uni/multifocal white matter hyperintensities) for the diagnosis of cerebral amyloid angiopathy-related inflammation have been validated recently.
Source: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases - August 29, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Dimitri Renard, Anne Wacongne, Eric Thouvenot Tags: Case Studies Source Type: research

Neuroimaging of Takayasu Arteritis in a Patient with Ulcerative Rectocolitis
Takayasu arteritis (TA), also known as aortoarteritis and pulseless disease, is an autoimmune, idiopathic, large-vessel vasculitis that primarily affects the aorta and its major branches, the coronary arteries, and the pulmonary arteries.
Source: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases - May 4, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Lucia Monti, Rosamaria Servillo, Irene Grazzini, Leila Khader, Maurizio Acampa, Alfonso Cerase Tags: Case Studies Source Type: research

ANCA-Negative Churg –Strauss Syndrome Presenting as Acute Multiple Cerebral Infarcts: A Case Report
We report a case of a 63-year-old woman with multiple embolic infarcts, hypereosinophilia (for>7 years), and skin rash. Elevated cardiac enzymes and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging were consistent with endomyocarditis. The simultaneous presence of history of asthma, sinusitis, hypereosinophilia, and vasculitis led to the diagnosis of EGPA.
Source: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases - January 4, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Klearchos Psychogios, Ilias Evmorfiadis, Spyros Dragomanovits, Athanasios Stavridis, Konstantinos Takis, Loukas Kaklamanis, Stathis Pantelis Tags: Case Studies Source Type: research

Diagnostic Utility of Contrast-enhanced 3D T1-weighted Imaging in Acute Cerebral Infarction Associated with Graves Disease
Graves disease is rarely complicated with cerebrovascular steno-occlusive diseases. Previous studies have suggested several hypotheses for this occurrence, including excess thyroid hormone, which stimulates the sympathetic nervous system, which in turn causes an abnormal hemodynamic response with consequent atherosclerotic changes, and antithyroid antibodies cause local vascular inflammation in patients with Graves disease. However, radiological findings of vasculitis in patients with Graves disease and cerebral infarction remain less known.
Source: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases - December 1, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Yasufumi Gon, Manabu Sakaguchi, Naoki Oyama, Hideki Mochizuki Tags: Case Studies Source Type: research

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