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Cholestyramine resin administration alleviated cerebral ischemic injury in obese mice by improving gut dysbiosis and modulating the bile acid profile
In conclusion, Obesity induces gut dysbiosis, worsens stroke outcomes, and perturbs the BA profile. The dysbiotic microbiome is an important linkage between obesity and stroke. CR confers metabolic benefits and neuroprotective effects in obesity, perhaps by modulating gut microbial composition and BA metabolism.PMID:36179877 | DOI:10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114234
Source: Experimental Neurology - September 30, 2022 Category: Neurology Authors: Jianhai Liang Mingsi Zhang Huidi Wang Yueran Ren Qiheng Wu Ranshi Huang Jiahui Xie Jia Yin Jiajia Zhu Source Type: research

Impact of aging and comorbidities on ischemic stroke outcomes in preclinical animal models: A translational perspective.
Abstract Ischemic stroke is a highly complex and devastating neurological disease. The sudden loss of blood flow to a brain region due to an ischemic insult leads to severe damage to that area resulting in the formation of an infarcted tissue, also known as the ischemic core. This is surrounded by the peri-infarct region or penumbra that denotes the functionally impaired but potentially salvageable tissue. Thus, the penumbral tissue is the main target for the development of neuroprotective strategies to minimize the extent of ischemic brain damage by timely therapeutic intervention. Given the limitations of reperf...
Source: Experimental Neurology - October 6, 2020 Category: Neurology Authors: Candelario-Jalil E, Paul S Tags: Exp Neurol Source Type: research

The effect of type 2 diabetes on CD36 expression and the uptake of oxLDL: Diabetes affects CD36 and oxLDL uptake.
Abstract We investigated whether type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a risk factor of stroke, affects the level of scavenger receptor CD36 and the uptake of its ligand, oxidized LDL (oxLDL); and whether pioglitazone, a drug that enhances CD36, promotes oxLDL uptake. Compared to normoglycemic db/+ mice, adult db/db mice showed a pronounced reduction in surface CD36 expression on myeloid cells from the blood, brain, and bone marrow as detected by flow cytometry, which correlated with elevated plasma soluble-CD36 as determined by ELISA. Increased CD36 expression was found in brain macrophages and microglia of both genot...
Source: Experimental Neurology - September 10, 2020 Category: Neurology Authors: Kanoke A, Nishijima Y, Ljungberg M, Omodaka S, Yang SY, Wong S, Rabiller G, Tominaga T, Hsieh CL, Liu J Tags: Exp Neurol Source Type: research

Brain MRI of nasal MOG therapeutic effect in relapsing-progressive EAE.
Abstract Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) considered to be a T cell-mediated autoimmune disease. Mucosally administered antigens induce regulatory T cells that secrete anti-inflammatory cytokines at the anatomic site where the mucosally administered Ag is located. We have previously reported in a mouse model of stroke that nasal treatment with MOG35-55 peptide reduces ischemic infarct size and improves behavior, by inducing IL-10-secreting T cells. We have also demonstrated that an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model in non-obese diabet...
Source: Experimental Neurology - February 16, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Levy-Barazany H, Barazany D, Puckett L, Kanfi S, Borenstein-Auerbach N, Yang K, Peron JP, Weiner HL, Frenkel D Tags: Exp Neurol Source Type: research