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Early high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin for refractory heparin-induced thrombocytopenia with stroke: Two case reports
Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a drug reaction caused by anti-platelet factor 4 (PF4)/heparin antibodies of the IgG class that activate through Fc γ receptors on platelets and monocytes. They consume platelets and increase thrombin generation.1 HIT occurs 5 to 14 days after the start of heparinization.2 Management of HIT involves discontinuing heparin and switching to an alternative anticoagulant to prevent thrombosis and normalize platelet l evels.3–5 Autoimmune HIT (aHIT), which maintains marked heparin-independent platelet activation even after discontinuing heparin, has recently attracted attention.
Source: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases - January 24, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Naoki Makita, Tomoyuki Ohara, Yukiko Tsuji, Tetsuhiro Ueda, Takuma Nakamura, Toshiki Mizuno, Masahiro Makino Tags: Case Report Source Type: research

Bilateral ballism as limb-shaking transient ischemic attacks treated with unilateral carotid artery stent placement
A man in his 80s with no medical history and a heavy smoking habit experienced a sudden involuntary movement of the bilateral limbs, trunk, and tongue. He had mild dysarthria, and could not eat (Video 1). Symptoms lasted for several hours and days, with frequent onset during the day. No consciousness impairments, paralysis, or sensory disturbances were observed. Physical examination and laboratory data did not indicate meningitis, encephalitis, post-infectious causes, or autoimmune disorders.The electroencephalogram showed no abnormalities.
Source: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases - September 23, 2022 Category: Neurology Authors: Toshihiko Shimizu, Keiko Haro, Masahiko Tagawa, Masaaki Hirata, Sachiko Iwano, Hiroshi Kosaka, Yuji Yamamoto Tags: Case Report Source Type: research

Risk factors and characteristics of ischemic stroke in patients with immune thrombocytopenia: A retrospective cohort study
Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), also known as idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, is an autoimmune disease characterized by a platelet count of
Source: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases - August 31, 2022 Category: Neurology Authors: Xi Rong, Lidan Jiang, Meijie Qu, Shaonan Yang, Kun Wang, Liwei Jiang Source Type: research

Vaccine-Induced Immune Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia with Concurrent Arterial and Venous Thrombi Following Ad26.COV2.S Vaccination
We describe a case of simultaneous venous and arterial thrombosis associated with severe thrombocytopenia following Ad26.COV2.S vaccination.
Source: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases - September 18, 2021 Category: Neurology Authors: Andreas Charidimou, Shilpa Samudrala, Anna M. Cervantes-Arslanian, J. Mark Sloan, Hormuzdiyar H. Dasenbrock, Ali Daneshmand Tags: Case Report Source Type: research

Preclinical Carotid Atherosclerosis in Patients With Juvenile-Onset Mixed Connective Tissue Disease
This study investigated preclinical atherosclerosis in patients with juvenile mixed connective tissue disease (JMCTD), which is a chronic inflammatory disease with a varied phenotype. Mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) has well known associations with other autoimmune diseases known to have increased risk of cardiovascular disease. However, the cardiovascular risk for patients with the juvenile form remains unclear.
Source: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases - February 13, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: Karolina Skagen, Siri Opsahl Hetlevik, Mahtab Zamani, Vibke Lilleby, Mona Skjelland Source Type: research

Chemical Sympathectomy, but not Adrenergic Blockade, Improves Stroke Outcome
A robust adrenergic response following stroke impairs lymphocyte function, which may prevent the development of autoimmune responses to brain antigens. We tested whether inhibition of the sympathetic response after stroke would increase the propensity for developing autoimmune responses to brain antigens.
Source: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases - August 15, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: Dannielle Zierath, Theresa Olmstead, Astiana Stults, Angela Shen, Allison Kunze, Kyra J. Becker Source Type: research

A Recurrent Case of Ischemic Stroke Caused by Vasospasm due to Giant Cell Arteritis
A 73-year-old man was admitted with sudden right upper-limb weakness. He had a temporal headache on the left side and had a 4-month history of fever. Meandering of the left temporal artery (TA) with induration and high inflammatory responses (white blood cell count 22,500 per microliter, C-reactive protein 35.0  mg/dL, and elevated sedimentation rate [ESR] 80 mm/h) were observed. Glycometabolism and lipid metabolism were normal, and autoimmune antibodies were negative. Cultivation tests revealed no bacteria in either blood culture or cerebrospinal fluid.
Source: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases - August 23, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Reina Kawamura, Atsushi Mizuma, Maiko Kouchi, Eiichiro Nagata, Wakoh Takahashi, Shunya Takizawa Tags: Case Studies Source Type: research

Lobar Hemorrhage Induced by Acquired Factor XIII Deficiency in a Patient with Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy
A 68-year-old man presented with intracranial hemorrhage in the right frontal lobe, which rapidly increased the day after admission. We performed hematoma removal with a biopsy of the cortex around the hematoma. The day after the operation, a subcutaneous hematoma over the craniotomy appeared, and the computed tomography showed a recurrent hemorrhage with an acute subdural hematoma. We were aware of a bleeding tendency, and a detailed hematologic examination by hematologists revealed autoimmune acquired factor XIII deficiency due to an antifactor XIII antibody.
Source: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases - August 8, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Hidetaka Arishima, Hiroyuki Neishi, Ken-ichiro Kikuta, Mihoko Morita, Naoko Hosono, Takahiro Yamauchi, Masayoshi Souri, Akitada Ichinose Tags: Case Studies Source Type: research

Neuroimaging of Takayasu Arteritis in a Patient with Ulcerative Rectocolitis
Takayasu arteritis (TA), also known as aortoarteritis and pulseless disease, is an autoimmune, idiopathic, large-vessel vasculitis that primarily affects the aorta and its major branches, the coronary arteries, and the pulmonary arteries.
Source: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases - May 4, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Lucia Monti, Rosamaria Servillo, Irene Grazzini, Leila Khader, Maurizio Acampa, Alfonso Cerase Tags: Case Studies Source Type: research

Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis Presenting Feature of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
CVST (cerebral venous sinus thrombosis) may sometimes be associated with autoimmune disorders that require specific treatment. The clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients with CVST are presented and contrasted with CVST without SLE.
Source: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases - January 4, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Rajesh Kumar Singh, Sanjeev Kumar Bhoi, Jayantee Kalita, Usha Kant Misra Source Type: research

Resveratrol Pretreatment Protected against Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Rats via Expansion of T Regulatory Cells
It is well accepted that repetitive resveratrol (RV) pretreatment (PRC) exerts neuroprotective effect on ischemic stroke. RV was shown to be able to enhance the production of T regulatory cells (Tregs) in autoimmune diseases whereas Tregs are considered to be the cerebroprotective immunomodulator in ischemic stroke. Thus, we hypothesized whether Tregs contributed to PRC-induced neuroprotection against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury.
Source: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases - May 11, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: HongNa Yang, Anxin Zhang, YuQing Zhang, Shuang Ma, CuiLan Wang Source Type: research

Complete Oculomotor Nerve Palsy Caused by Direct Compression of the Posterior Cerebral Artery
Oculomotor nerve palsy frequently occurs because of external compression by an internal carotid-posterior communicating artery aneurysm and diabetes mellitus. In addition, pontine infarction, cavernous sinus tumors, demyelinating disease, and autoimmune disorder are well-known causes of oculomotor nerve palsy. However, cases of complete oculomotor nerve palsy by neurovascular conflicts presented with a sudden onset of clinical symptoms are extremely rare. We experienced a rare case of complete oculomotor nerve palsy because of direct vascular compression of the oculomotor nerve by the posterior cerebral artery.
Source: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases - May 1, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Yoon-Sik Jo, Shin Kyoung Kim, Dae Ho Kim, Jae-Hwan Kim, Sang-Jun Na Tags: Case Report Source Type: research

Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome and Stroke after Intravenous Immunoglobulin Treatment in Miller–Fisher Syndrome/Bickerstaff Brain Stem Encephalitis Overlap Syndrome
The association of a posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) without arterial hypertension with autoimmune-mediated inflammatory neuropathies such as Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) is a rare and poorly understood phenomenon. To date, PRES has been described as initial manifestation, coincidental finding, or adverse event subsequent to immunomodulatory treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) in cases of axonal and demyelinating GBS as well as in Miller–Fisher syndrome (MFS). We here report a case of MFS/Bickerstaff brain stem encephalitis (BBE)–overlap syndrome and nonhypertensive PRES that occurr...
Source: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases - August 22, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Henning R. Stetefeld, Helmar C. Lehmann, Gereon R. Fink, Lothar Burghaus Tags: Case Reports Source Type: research

Fatal Intracranial Hemorrhage after Intravenous Thrombolytic Therapy for Acute Ischemic Stroke Associated with Cancer-related Nonbacterial Thrombotic Endocarditis
Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis (NBTE) is associated with hypercoagulability in patients with inflammatory states such as cancer and autoimmune diseases. Cardiac vegetations caused by NBTE often lead to life-threatening systemic thromboembolism that most frequently affects the brain, spleen, and kidneys. A 54-year-old woman diagnosed with ovarian cancer suddenly developed back pain and left hemiparesis. Although intravenous alteplase (rt-PA) therapy was administered to treat hyperacute ischemic infarction detected by magnetic resonance imaging, intracranial hemorrhage occurred in the left hemisphere several hours late...
Source: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases - August 11, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Takuya Yagi, Kie Takahashi, Mariko Tanikawa, Morinobu Seki, Takato Abe, Norihiro Suzuki Tags: Case Reports Source Type: research

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