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Hypovolemic and hemorrhagic shock.
Abstract The term "shock" refers to a life-threatening circulatory failure caused by an imbalance between the supply and demand of cellular oxygen. Hypovolemic shock is characterized by a reduction of intravascular volume and a subsequent reduction in preload. The body compensates the loss of volume by increasing the stroke volume, heart frequency, oxygen extraction rate, and later by an increased concentration of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate with a rightward shift of the oxygen dissociation curve. Hypovolemic hemorrhagic shock impairs the macrocirculation and microcirculation and therefore affects many organ systems...
Source: Der Anaesthesist - February 5, 2018 Category: Anesthesiology Authors: Lier H, Bernhard M, Hossfeld B Tags: Anaesthesist Source Type: research

New oral anticoagulants in perioperative medicine.
Abstract New oral anticoagulants (NOAC) inhibit factor Xa (Stuart-Prower factor) or factor IIa (thrombin) and are alternatives to vitamin K antagonists. Perioperative indications are deep vein thrombosis prophylaxis for prosthetic hip and knee replacement, therapeutic anticoagulation for deep vein thrombosis as well as the prophylaxis of stroke for patients with atrial fibrillation. Patients on NOACs pose multiple perioperative challenges for all medical disciplines involved. For non-emergency surgery, patients should be evaluated by an anesthesiolgist as early as possible to assess an optimal appointment for surg...
Source: Der Anaesthesist - April 4, 2014 Category: Anesthesiology Authors: Giebl A, Gürtler K Tags: Anaesthesist Source Type: research