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Total 36 results found since Jan 2013.

Ionizing Radiation Sensitizes Breast Cancer Cells to Bcl-2 Inhibitor, ABT-737, through Regulating Mcl-1.
Abstract Breast-conserving surgery followed by radiation therapy has become the standard of care for early stage breast cancer. However, there are some patients that develop a local failure. We have previously shown that Bcl-2 overexpression was associated with an increased risk of local recurrence in patients with early stage breast cancer. The purpose of this study was to explore an approach to overcome radiation resistance by targeting pro-survival Bcl-2 family proteins in breast cancer cells. The breast cancer cell lines MCF-7, ZR-75-1 and MDA-MB231 were used in this study. siRNAs were employed to silence myel...
Source: Radiation Research - November 19, 2014 Category: Physics Authors: Wu H, Schiff DS, Lin Y, Neboori HJ, Goyal S, Feng Z, Haffty BG Tags: Radiat Res Source Type: research

Beta-Amyloid Oligomers Activate Apoptotic BAK Pore for Cytochrome c Release.
Abstract In Alzheimer's disease, cytochrome c-dependent apoptosis is a crucial pathway in neuronal cell death. Although beta-amyloid (Aβ) oligomers are known to be the neurotoxins responsible for neuronal cell death, the underlying mechanisms remain largely elusive. Here, we report that the oligomeric form of synthetic Aβ of 42 amino acids elicits death of HT-22 cells. But, when expression of a bcl-2 family protein BAK is suppressed by siRNA, Aβ oligomer-induced cell death was reduced. Furthermore, significant reduction of cytochrome c release was observed with mitochondria isolated from BAK siRNA-treated HT-22...
Source: Biophysical Journal - October 7, 2014 Category: Physics Authors: Kim J, Yang Y, Song SS, Na JH, Oh KJ, Jeong C, Yu YG, Shin YK Tags: Biophys J Source Type: research

Radiation Enhances the Invasiveness of Irradiated and Nonirradiated Bystander Hepatoma Cells Through a VEGF-MMP2 Pathway Initiated by p53.
Abstract Recent evidence has shown that irradiation can promote the invasiveness of hepatocellular carcinoma cells and have an impact on the invasive behavior of nonirradiated surrounding cancer cells, which may enhance overall tumor aggressiveness. However, the role of the TP53 tumor suppressor gene in the invasion of irradiated hepatoma cells and their nonirradiated bystanders remain largely unknown. In the present study, we found that irradiation increased the invasiveness of human hepatoma HepG2 cells, and pretreatment of the cells with SU1498 (an inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2, VEG...
Source: Radiation Research - September 23, 2013 Category: Physics Authors: He M, Dong C, Ren R, Yuan D, Xie Y, Pan Y, Shao C Tags: Radiat Res Source Type: research

Low-Dose Gamma Irradiation Enhances Superoxide Anion Production by Nonirradiated Cells Through TGF-β1-Dependent Bystander Signaling.
Abstract We show here that low-dose gamma irradiation substantially increase in extracellular superoxide anion production in oncogenically transformed cells and tumor cells but not by nontransformed cells. The transfer of only a few cells from an irradiated culture to nonirradiated control cells was sufficient for the transmission of a signal to induce superoxide anion production in the nonirradiated cells. The number of irradiated cells that was necessary for the successful induction of superoxide anion production in the nonirradiated cells depended on radiation dose. When irradiated cells were allowed to incubat...
Source: Radiation Research - April 1, 2013 Category: Physics Authors: Temme J, Bauer G Tags: Radiat Res Source Type: research

Translocation and encapsulation of siRNA inside carbon nanotubes
We report spontaneous translocation of small interfering RNA (siRNA) inside carbon nanotubes (CNTs) of various diameters and chirality using all atom molecular dynamics simulations with explicit solvent. We use umbrella sampling method to calculate the free energy landscape of the siRNA entry and tr ... [J. Chem. Phys. 138, 034901 (2013)] published Tue Jan 15, 2013.
Source: Journal of Chemical Physics - January 16, 2013 Category: Physics Source Type: research

Enhancement of extracellular molecule uptake in plasmonic laser perforation
In this study we analyzed the uptake of fluorescent dextrans with sizes from 10 to 2000 kDa, which resembles a wide range of biologically relevant molecules in size using a 532 nm picosecond laser system and 200 nm gold nanoparticles. Our results show a strong uptake‐dependence on cell medium or buffer, but no dominant dependence on osmotic conditions. The relation between pulse energy and number of pulses for a given perforation efficiency revealed that multiphoton ionization of water might contribute to perforation. Moreover, a seven‐fold uptake‐enhancement could be reached with optimized parameters, providing a ve...
Source: Journal of Biophotonics - January 1, 2013 Category: Physics Authors: Stefan Kalies, Tobias Birr, Dag Heinemann, Markus Schomaker, Tammo Ripken, Alexander Heisterkamp, Heiko Meyer Tags: Full Article Source Type: research