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Specialty: Physiology
Source: Frontiers in Physiology
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Total 81 results found since Jan 2013.
Cofilin activation in pancreatic acinar cells plays a pivotal convergent role for mediating CCK-stimulated enzyme secretion and growth
Conclusion: These results support the conclusion that cofilin activation plays a pivotal convergent role for various cell signaling cascades in CCK mediated growth/enzyme secretion in pancreatic acini.
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 17, 2023 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) in the paraventricular nucleus-mediated renal sympatho-inhibition
In this study, we proposed C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) as a potential mediator of this sympatho-inhibition within the PVN. Microinjection of CNP (1.0 μg) into the PVN significantly decreased renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) (−25.8% ± 1.8% vs. −3.6% ± 1.5%), mean arterial pressure (−15.0 ± 1.9 vs. −0.1 ± 0.9 mmHg) and heart rate (−23.6 ± 3.5 vs. −0.3 ± 0.9 beats/min) compared with microinjection of vehicle. Picoinjection of CNP significantly decreased the basal discharge of extracellular single-unit recordings in 5/6 (83%) rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM)-projecting PVN neurons and in 6/...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 4, 2023 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Identification of hypertrophy-modulating Cullin-RING ubiquitin ligases in primary cardiomyocytes
This study aimed to identify novel hypertrophy-modulating CRLs in cardiomyocytes (CM). A functional genomic approach using siRNA-mediated depletion and automated microscopy was employed to screen for cell size-modulating CRLs in neonatal rat CM. Screening hits were confirmed by 3H-isoleucine incorporation. Of 43 targets screened, siRNA-mediated depletion of Fbxo6, Fbxo45, and Fbxl14 resulted in decreased cell size, whereas depletion of Fbxo9, Fbxo25, Fbxo30, Fbxo32, Fbxo33, Cullin1, Roc1, Ddb1, Fbxw4, and Fbxw5 led to a markedly increased cell size under basal conditions. In CM stimulated with phenylephrine (PE), depletion...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - March 8, 2023 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
The vitellogenin receptor gene is involved in lifespan regulation of Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Coquillett) after short-term high-temperature treatment
This study provides a reference to guide integrated control of Z. cucurbitae in high-temperature seasons.
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - December 22, 2022 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Skeletal muscle metabolism and contraction performance regulation by teneurin C-terminal-associated peptide-1
Skeletal muscle regulation is responsible for voluntary muscular movement in vertebrates. The genes of two essential proteins, teneurins and latrophilins (LPHN), evolving in ancestors of multicellular animals form a ligand-receptor pair, and are now shown to be required for skeletal muscle function. Teneurins possess a bioactive peptide, termed the teneurin C-terminal associated peptide (TCAP) that interacts with the LPHNs to regulate skeletal muscle contractility strength and fatigue by an insulin-independent glucose importation mechanism in rats. CRISPR-based knockouts and siRNA-associated knockdowns of LPHN-1 and-3 in t...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - November 29, 2022 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Glucose transporters GLUT1, GLUT3, and GLUT4 have different effects on osteoblast proliferation and metabolism
In conclusion, GLUT1, -3 and -4 may all contribute to glucose uptake in differentiating osteoblasts. GLUT4 expression was clearly required for osteoblast proliferation and differentiation. GLUT1 appears to be abundant in early precursors, but stable expression of GLUT3 suggest also a role for GLUT3 in osteoblasts. Presence of other GLUT members may further contribute to fine-tuning of glucose uptake. Together, glucose uptake in osteoblast lineage appears to rely on several glucose transporters to ensure sufficient energy for new bone formation.
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - November 29, 2022 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Hypoxia induces purinergic receptor signaling to disrupt endothelial barrier function
Blood-brain-barrier permeability is regulated by endothelial junctional proteins and is vital in limiting access to and from the blood to the CNS. When stressed, several cells, including endothelial cells, can release nucleotides like ATP and ADP that signal through purinergic receptors on these cells to disrupt BBB permeability. While this process is primarily protective, unrestricted, uncontrolled barrier disruption during injury or inflammation can lead to serious neurological consequences. Purinergic receptors are broadly classified into two families: the P1 adenosine and P2 nucleotide receptors. The P2 receptors are f...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - November 21, 2022 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Knockdown of Ift88 in fibroblasts causes extracellular matrix remodeling and decreases conduction velocity in cardiomyocyte monolayers
Conclusion: Disruption of cilia formation by siIft88 causes ECM remodeling and conduction abnormalities. Prevention of cilia loss could be a target for prevention of arrhythmias.
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - November 17, 2022 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
The mechanosensitive Piezo1 channels contribute to the arterial medial calcification
Vascular calcification (VC) is associated with a number of cardiovascular diseases, as well as chronic kidney disease. The role of smooth muscle cells (SMC) has already been widely explored in VC, as has the role of intracellular Ca2+ in regulating SMC function. Increased intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) in vascular SMC has been proposed to stimulate VC. However, the contribution of the non-selective Piezo1 mechanosensitive cation channels to the elevation of [Ca2+]i, and consequently to the process of VC has never been examined. In this work the essential contribution of Piezo1 channels to arterial medial cal...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - November 10, 2022 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Reducing brain TACE activity improves neuroinflammation and cardiac function in heart failure rats
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α converting enzyme (TACE) is a key metalloprotease mediating ectodomain shedding of a variety of inflammatory mediators, substrates, and growth factors. We previously reported that TACE-mediated production of TNF-α in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) contributes to sympathetic excitation in heart failure (HF). Here, we sought to determine whether central interventions in TACE activity attenuate neuroinflammation and improve cardiac function in heart failure. Myocardial infarction-induced HF or sham-operated (SHAM) rats were treated with bilateral paraventricular nucleus microinj...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - November 9, 2022 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Polycystin-2 (TRPP2) regulates primary cilium length in LLC-PK1 renal epithelial cells
Polycystin-2 (PC2, TRPP2) is a Ca2+ permeable nonselective cation channel whose dysfunction generates autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). PC2 is present in different cell locations, including the primary cilium of renal epithelial cells. However, little is known as to whether PC2 contributes to the primary cilium structure. Here, we explored the effect(s) of external Ca2+, PC2 channel blockers, and PKD2 gene silencing on the length of primary cilia in wild-type LLC-PK1 renal epithelial cells. Confluent cell monolayers were fixed and immuno-labeled with an anti-acetylated α-tubulin antibody to identify pr...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - October 4, 2022 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Function of Vitellogenin receptor gene in reproductive regulation of Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Coquillett) after short-term high-temperature treatment
Climate change has increased the frequency of extreme heat events. Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Coquillett) is an important tropical pest that typically changes its reproductive strategies in response to extremely high temperatures. Newly emerged adults of three consecutive generations (F1, F2, and F3) of Z. cucurbitae (Coquillett) were exposed to 25°C, 33°C, 37°C, 41°C, and 45°C treatments for 1 h to clarify the effects of short-term high temperatures on its reproduction. The influence of these temperatures on reproduction was evaluated using indicators, such as egg number. Newly emerged adults were exposed to 25°C and 4...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - October 4, 2022 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
The microtubule network enables Src kinase interaction with the Na,K-ATPase to generate Ca2+ flashes in smooth muscle cells
Conclusion: We demonstrate that the Na,K-ATPase-dependent Ca2+ flashes in smooth muscle cells require an interaction between the α2 isoform Na, K-ATPase and Src kinase, which is maintained by the microtubule network.
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - September 23, 2022 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
TRPC6 Mediates High Glucose-induced Mitochondrial Fission through Activation of CDK5 in Cultured Human Podocytes
This study was therefore aimed to explore the regulatory role and mechanisms of TRPC6 in high glucose (HG)-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in podocytes. Here we found that TRPC6 expression and TRPC6-induced Ca2+ influx were upregulated in HG-treated podocytes. Furthermore, the TRPC6 inhibitor and TRPC6 siRNA ameliorated mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in HG-treated podocytes. BAPTA-AM, an intracellular calcium chelating agent, attenuated mitochondrial fission under HG conditions as well. Then, we found the activity of calpain-1 and cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) were markedly enhanced in HG-treated podocytes, w...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - September 21, 2022 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Electroacupuncture pre-treatment alleviates sepsis-induced cardiac inflammation and dysfunction by inhibiting the calpain-2/STAT3 pathway
In this study, we aimed to elucidate the mechanism by which electroacupuncture reduces cardiac inflammation and apoptosis and improves cardiac function during sepsis. Electroacupuncture pretreatment for 7 days was applied in septic cardiomyopathy model induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). lipopolysaccharide-induced sepsis was associated with a dramatically systemic inflammation and cardiac dysfunction, which was alleviated by electroacupuncture pre-treatment. Lipopolysaccharide resulted in increases of pro-inflammatory factors (TNF-α,IL1βand IL-6) and apoptosis (TUNEL staining and BAX/Bcl2) via activation of calpain-2/S...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - September 7, 2022 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
