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Specialty: Virology
Source: Archives of Virology

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Total 17 results found since Jan 2013.

Complete genome analysis of a novel iflavirus from the spotted lanternfly Lycorma delicatula
AbstractThe spotted lanternfly (Lycorma delicatula) is an invasive pest that causes serious economic losses in fruit and wood production. Here, we identified a novel iflavirus named"Lycorma delicatula iflavirus 1" (LDIV1), in a spotted lanternfly. The full genome sequence of LDIV1 is 10,222 nt in length and encodes a polyprotein containing a picornavirus capsid-protein-domain-like domain, a cricket paralysis virus capsid superfamily domain, an RNA helicase domain, a peptidase C3 superfamily domain, and an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) domain. LDIV1 replicates in the host insect and activates small interferi...
Source: Archives of Virology - June 25, 2022 Category: Virology Source Type: research

Identification of endoplasmic-reticulum-associated proteins involved in Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus entry by RNA-seq analysis
This study suggests that ERAPs may be involved in the BmNPV membrane fusion process during infection.
Source: Archives of Virology - February 24, 2022 Category: Virology Source Type: research

miR-142a-3p promotes the proliferation of porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus by targeting Rab3a
In this study, we found that PHEV infection upregulates miR-142a-3p RNA expression in N2a cells and in the CNS of mice. Downregulation of miR-142a-3p by an miRNA inhibitor led to a significant repression of viral proliferation, implying that it acts as a positive regulator of PHEV proliferation. Using a dual-luciferase reporter assay, miR-142a-3p was found to bind directly bound to the 3 ’ untranslated region (3’UTR) of Rab3a mRNA and downregulate its expression. Knockdown of Rab3a expression by transfection with an miR-142a-3p mimic or Rab3a siRNA significantly increased PHEV replication in N2a cells. Conversely, the ...
Source: Archives of Virology - December 12, 2019 Category: Virology Source Type: research

High-degree and broad-spectrum resistance mediated by a combination of NIb siRNA and miRNA suppresses replication of necrotic and common strains of potato virus Y
In this study, we designed specific siRNAs and miRNAs to target two regions of the PVYO replicase gene (NIb). Eight plant expression vectors containing one or two sRNAs were constructed. Luciferase activity assays showed that the designed sRNAs successfully cleaved theNIb gene of PVYO and PVYN, and the vector carrying a combined siRNA- and miRNA-based short hairpin RNA (shRNA) demonstrated the strongest inhibitory effect. These effects were confirmed through the acquisition of PVYO and PVYN resistance in transgenic sRNA-expressingNicotiana tabacum plants. This phenomenon could be related to a plant defense mechanism in whi...
Source: Archives of Virology - August 10, 2018 Category: Virology Source Type: research

The PA-interacting host protein nucleolin acts as an antiviral factor during highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus infection
In this study, we further explored the role of NCL during highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus infection. We found that depletion of endogenous NCL in mammalian cells by siRNA targeting during H5N1 infection resulted in significantly increased viral polymerase activity, elevated viral mRNA, cRNA and vRNA synthesis, accelerated viral replication, and enhanced apoptosis and necrosis. Moreover, siRNA silencing of NCL significantly exacerbated the inflammatory response, resulting in increased secretion of IL-6, TNF- α, TNF-β, CCL-4, CCL-8, IFN-α, IFN-β and IFN-γ. Conversely, overexpression of NCL significantly dec...
Source: Archives of Virology - July 5, 2018 Category: Virology Source Type: research

Inhibition of dengue virus infection by small interfering RNAs that target highly conserved sequences in the NS4B or NS5 coding regions
AbstractDengue fever is one of the most common viral infections in the world. Although a vaccine against dengue virus (DENV) has been approved in several countries, this disease is still considered a public health priority worldwide. The ability of three small interfering RNAs (FG-siRNAs) targeting conserved sequences in the NS4B and NS5 regions of the DENV genome to inhibit DENV replication was testedin vitro in both Vero and C6/36 cells. The FG-siRNAs were effective against DENV-1, -3, and -4, but not DENV-2. A fourth siRNA specifically targeting the NS5 region of the DENV-2 genome (SG-siRNA) was designed and tested agai...
Source: Archives of Virology - February 1, 2018 Category: Virology Source Type: research

Regulation of the chikungunya-virus-induced innate inflammatory response by protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor 6 in muscle cells
AbstractChikungunya virus (CHIKV)-induced myositis is an emerging affliction with high incidence globally. Given the essential regulatory role of protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor 6 (PTPN6) in virus-induced myositis, the expression of the PTPN6 and TNF- α genes in a CHIKV-infected muscle cell line was examined by quantitative PCR, and the expression of PTPN6 and STAT 3 was examined by immunoblotting. In addition, the effect of PTPN6 siRNA treatment on TNF-α gene expression was assessed. Increased higher expression of PTPN6 and TNF-α, and signifi cant upregulation of TNF-α upon PTPN6 siRNA treatment were observe...
Source: Archives of Virology - January 1, 2018 Category: Virology Source Type: research

Influenza virus infection induces translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) in A549 cells: role of AIF in apoptosis and viral propagation
AbstractIt is recognized that influenza virus induces caspase-dependent apoptosis by activating caspase-3. Apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) is a caspase-independent cell death effector, and its mitochondrial-nuclear translocation plays an important role in apoptosis. It is demonstrated in this study how influenza virus infection can induce caspase-independent apoptosis in the human alveolar epithelial cell line A549. AIF is translocated from the mitochondria to the nucleus in a caspase-independent manner in response to infection with influenza virus. Knockdown of AIF expression by small interfering RNA (siRNA) led to a redu...
Source: Archives of Virology - February 28, 2017 Category: Virology Source Type: research

Suppression of lytic replication of Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus by autophagy during initial infection in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts
Abstract Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the infectious cause of the angioproliferative neoplasm Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS). We first confirmed the susceptibility of NIH 3T3 fibroblasts to KSHV by infecting them with BCP-1-derived KSHV. Lytic replication of KSHV was confirmed by PCR amplification of viral DNA isolated from culture supernatants of KSHV-infected cells. The template from KSHV-infected NIH 3T3 cells resulted in an intense viral DNA PCR product. A time course experiment revealed the disappearance of KSHV-specific DNA in culture supernatant of NIH 3T3 cells during a period between 48 h...
Source: Archives of Virology - February 24, 2016 Category: Virology Source Type: research

A critical role of LAMP-1 in avian reovirus P10 degradation associated with inhibition of apoptosis and virus release
We report here the identification of cellular lysosome-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP-1) as an interaction partner of p10 by yeast two-hybrid screening, immunoprecipitation and confocal microscopy assays. We found that rapid degradation of p10 was associated with ubiquitination. Importantly, ARV p10 degradation in host cells could be completely abolished by knockdown of LAMP-1 by siRNA, indicating that LAMP-1 is required for ARV p10 degradation in host cells. In contrast, overexpression of LAMP-1 facilitated p10 degradation. Furthermore, knockdown of LAMP-1 allowed p10 accumulation, enhancing p10-induced apoptosis and...
Source: Archives of Virology - January 7, 2016 Category: Virology Source Type: research

SUMO1 depletion prevents lipid droplet accumulation and HCV replication
Abstract Infection by hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major public-health problem. Chronic infection often leads to cirrhosis, steatosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The life cycle of HCV depends on the host cell machinery and involves intimate interaction between viral and host proteins. However, the role of host proteins in the life cycle of HCV remains poorly understood. Here, we identify the small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO1) as a key host factor required for HCV replication. We performed a series of cell biology and biochemistry experiments using the HCV JFH-1 (Japanese fulminate hepatitis 1) genotype 2a...
Source: Archives of Virology - October 8, 2015 Category: Virology Source Type: research

Immunity to tomato yellow leaf curl virus in transgenic tomato is associated with accumulation of transgene small RNA
Abstract Gene silencing is a natural defense response of plants against invading RNA and DNA viruses. The RNA post-transcriptional silencing system has been commonly utilized to generate transgenic crop plants that are “immune” to plant virus infection. Here, we applied this approach against the devastating DNA virus tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) in its host tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). To generate broad resistance to a number of different TYLCV viruses, three conserved sequences (the intergenic region [NCR], V1-V2 and C1-C2 genes) from the genome of the severe virus (TYLCV) were synthesized as a ...
Source: Archives of Virology - August 9, 2015 Category: Virology Source Type: research

Human cytomegalovirus miR-UL36-5p inhibits apoptosis via downregulation of adenine nucleotide translocator 3 in cultured cells
In this study, ANT3 was further demonstrated to be a direct target of hcmv-miR-UL36-5p by luciferase reporter assays. The expression level of ANT3 protein was confirmed, by western blotting, to be directly downregulated by overexpression of hcmv-miR-UL36-5p in HEK293 cells, U373 cells and HELF cells. Moreover, HCMV-infected cells showed a decrease in the ANT3 protein level. Using ANT3-specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) and an inhibitor for hcmv-miR-UL36-5p, it was shown that inhibition of apoptosis by hcmv-miR-UL36-5p in these cells specifically occurred via inhibition of ANT3 expression. These results imply that hcmv-...
Source: Archives of Virology - July 28, 2015 Category: Virology Source Type: research

Differential response of diverse solanaceous hosts to tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus infection indicates coordinated action of NBS-LRR and RNAi-mediated host defense
Abstract Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV) is a bipartite begomovirus (family Geminiviridae) that infects a wide range of plants. ToLCNDV has emerged as an important pathogen and a serious threat to tomato production in India. A comparative and molecular analysis of ToLCNDV pathogenesis was performed on diverse solanaceous hosts (Capsicum annuum, Nicotiana benthamiana, N. tabacum, and Solanum lycopersicum). N. benthamiana was found to be the most susceptible host, whereas C. annuum showed resistance against an isolate of ToLCNDV collected in New Delhi from tomato (GenBank accession no. U15015 ...
Source: Archives of Virology - May 12, 2015 Category: Virology Source Type: research