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Abstract B22: Loss of LncRNA XIST induces Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition in Breast Cancer
Brain is one of the major sites of metastasis of breast cancer, and approximately 20% of patients with aggressive breast cancer eventually develop the metastatic disease in the brain. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) have recently drawn much attention due to their wide functional variations and potential roles in tumor progression. By performing lncRNA array analysis comparing non-metastatic primary tumors with brain metastatic tumors from breast cancer patients, we identified that lncRNA XIST expression was significantly down-regulated in brain metastatic tumors. The result of Taqman PCR validated the results in tumor sample...
Source: Cancer Research - May 25, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Liu, Y., Xing, F., Wu, K., Sharma, S., Watabe, K. Tags: Genetics and Evolution of Metastatic Tumors Source Type: research

Abstract 2355: Marrow-derived macrophages mediate invasion of pancreatic adenocarcinoma by RET activation
This study was aimed at understanding the contribution of macrophages to perineural invasion for in vivo models of PDA, and to characterize the role of the GDNF-RET axis in this unique microenvironmental niche.Methods: Immunohistochemical analysis of PDA specimens of a novel Pdx-1-Cre/KrasG12D /p53R172H (KPC) mouse model, revealed that CD163+ (M2) endoneurial macrophages (EMΦs) predominate the endoneural space of invaded nerves. In a bone marrow transplant (BMT) from CX3CRGFP/+ mice, a 23- fold increase in the recruitment of GFP+ macrophages to the perineural space was witnessed as compared to GFP- cells, indicating recru...
Source: Cancer Research - August 2, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Amit, M., Na'ara, S., Binenbaum, Y., Gil, Z. Tags: Tumor Biology Source Type: research

Abstract A13: Mechanisms of E47 induced quiescence and acinar cell differentiation in human pancreatic cancer cells
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) initiates from quiescent acinar cells that attain a Kras mutation, undergo acinar-ductal metaplasia and rapidly acquire increased growth potential. During this process several transcription factors from the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) family are downregulated while expression of their inhibitor Id3 is induced. Previously we showed that Id3 knockdown with siRNA resulted in growth arrest in PDA cells. Here we queried whether aggressive PDA cells can be reprogrammed to revert to their original quiescent acinar cell phenotype by shifting bHLH transcription programs. In order to mitigate...
Source: Cancer Research - June 30, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Kim, S., Yang, C., Riha, C., Lamy, R., Jakubison, B. L., Konieczny, S. F., Itkin-Ansari, P. Tags: Development Source Type: research

Abstract 5416: Development of a nanoparticle platform for the targeted delivery of siRNA to HER2-positive breast cancers
Successful siRNA based therapy has the potential to revolutionize cancer therapy by mediating the silencing of any gene deemed important for disease progression. However, unprotected siRNA has a short half-life in blood and lacks the ability to selectively identify target cells. Our group is developing an effective siRNA based nanoparticle platform that overcomes these shortcomings by utilizing a mesoporous silica nanoparticle electrostatically loaded with siRNA and conjugated with an antibody for target homing. The human epidermal growth receptor type 2 (HER2) is a highly validated therapeutic target in breast cancer due ...
Source: Cancer Research - September 30, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Goodyear, S. M. Tags: Cancer Chemistry Source Type: research

Abstract 3171: Overexpression of a cancer stem cell marker doublecortin-like kinase (DCLK1) leads to activation of inflammatory cascade during development of virus-induced hepatocellular carcinoma
Conclusions: DCLK1 overexpression appears to be intimately related to the activation of pro-inflammatory and MAPK signaling pathways during the development of virus-induced pre-neoplastic conditions and initiation of tumors in liver. Thus, targeting DCLK1 at early stage of liver diseases may prevent virus-induced cirrhosis and HCC. Citation Format: Naushad Ali, Parthasarathy Chandrakesan, Mark Huycke, Sanam Husain, Allison F. Gillaspy, Randal May, William L. Berry, Sripathi Sureban, Dongfeng Qu, Nathaniel Weygant, Michael S. Bronze, Danny N. Dhanasekaran, Courtney W. Houchen. Overexpression of a cancer stem cell marker dou...
Source: Cancer Research - September 30, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Ali, N., Chandrakesan, P., Huycke, M., Husain, S., Gillaspy, A. F., May, R., Berry, W. L., Sureban, S., Qu, D., Weygant, N., Bronze, M. S., Dhanasekaran, D. N., Houchen, C. W. Tags: Carcinogenesis Source Type: research

Abstract 3956: Combination of SPARC and radiation suppresses HSP27 and induces p21(CIP1/WAF1) in neuroblastoma tumor cells
Neuroblastoma (NBL) is the third most common malignancy in children and accounts for more than 15% of cancer-related deaths in children in the US. Approximately 50% of patients present with advanced-stage and/or high risk disease. Despite significant intensification of conventional chemotherapy regimens, the long-term survival rates for these children remain less than 40%. A somewhat improved outcome has been obtained with multimodality therapeutic approaches including chemotherapy, surgery, autologous bone marrow transplantation, radiation therapy and use of biological agents. However, long-term survival rates for childre...
Source: Cancer Research - September 30, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Gondi, C. S., Tanpure, S., Antony, R., Fernandez, K. S., Guȷrati, M., Lin, J. Tags: Tumor Biology Source Type: research

Abstract 3959: Depleting macrophage or blocking cell fusion machinery ameliorates intestine fibrosis after radiation
Conclusions BM derived CD11b(+) myelomonocytic cells or macrophage contribute majorly to cell fusion and fibrosis within intestine of mice after radiotherapy Depleting macrophage or targeting cell fusion machinery of macrophage suppresses intestine fibrosis after radiotherapy. Our study impacts not only for developing novel therapies to prevent radiation enteritis but also to avoid fibrosis after BM cell therapy in organ dysfunction. Citation Format: Ya-Hui Chang, Hui-Ju Ch'ang, Li-Mei Lin. Depleting macrophage or blocking cell fusion machinery ameliorates intestine fibrosis after radiation. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of ...
Source: Cancer Research - September 30, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Chang, Y.-H., Ch'ang, H.-J., Lin, L.-M. Tags: Tumor Biology Source Type: research

Abstract 1421: Overexpression of the pro-glycolytic transcription factor MondoA enhances malignant potential of ALL in vivo
Conclusion. These findings demonstrate that the downregulation of MondoA by RNA interference significantly delays leukemic burden and malignancy of B cell ALL in vivo and further confirm that MondoA is an attractive target for targeted and immune therapy of ALL. Citation Format: Alexandra A. Sipol, Günther H.S. Richter, Caroline M. Wernicke, Thomas G.P. Grunewald, Stefan Burdach. Overexpression of the pro-glycolytic transcription factor MondoA enhances malignant potential of ALL in vivo. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Ph...
Source: Cancer Research - September 30, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Sipol, A. A., Richter, G. H. S., Wernicke, C. M., Grunewald, T. G. P., Burdach, S. Tags: Molecular and Cellular Biology Source Type: research

Bcl3 in Mammary Tumors
Bcl3 is a putative proto-oncogene deregulated in hematopoietic and solid tumors. Studies in cell lines suggest that its oncogenic effects are mediated through the induction of proliferation and inhibition of cell death, yet its role in endogenous solid tumors has not been established. Here, we address the oncogenic effect of Bcl3 in vivo and describe how this Stat3-responsive oncogene promotes metastasis of ErbB2-positive mammary tumors without affecting primary tumor growth or normal mammary function. Deletion of the Bcl3 gene in ErbB2-positive (MMTV-Neu) mice resulted in a 75% reduction in metastatic tumor burden in the ...
Source: Cancer Research - January 16, 2013 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Wakefield, A., Soukupova, J., Montagne, A., Ranger, J., French, R., Muller, W. J., Clarkson, R. W. E. Tags: Molecular and Cellular Pathobiology Source Type: research