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Inflammatory Activation of Astrocytes Facilitates Melanoma Brain Tropism via the CXCL10-CXCR3 Signaling Axis
Publication date: 13 August 2019Source: Cell Reports, Volume 28, Issue 7Author(s): Hila Doron, Malak Amer, Nour Ershaid, Raquel Blazquez, Ophir Shani, Tzlil Gener Lahav, Noam Cohen, Omer Adler, Zahi Hakim, Sabina Pozzi, Anna Scomparin, Jonathan Cohen, Muhammad Yassin, Lea Monteran, Rachel Grossman, Galia Tsarfaty, Chen Luxenburg, Ronit Satchi-Fainaro, Tobias Pukrop, Neta ErezSummaryMelanoma is the deadliest skin cancer due to its high rate of metastasis, frequently to the brain. Brain metastases are incurable; therefore, understanding melanoma brain metastasis is of great clinical importance. We used a mouse model of spont...
Source: Cell Reports - August 14, 2019 Category: Cytology Source Type: research

A Role for the Insulin Receptor in the Suppression of Dengue Virus and Zika Virus in Wolbachia-Infected Mosquito Cells
This study identifies Wolbachia-mediated downregulation of insulin receptor kinase activity as a mechanism contributing to the blocking of super-infection by arboviruses.Graphical Abstract
Source: Cell Reports - January 16, 2019 Category: Cytology Source Type: research

C. elegans Heterochromatin Factor SET-32 Plays an Essential Role in Transgenerational Establishment of Nuclear RNAi-Mediated Epigenetic Silencing
Publication date: 20 November 2018Source: Cell Reports, Volume 25, Issue 8Author(s): Natallia Kalinava, Julie Zhouli Ni, Zoran Gajic, Matthew Kim, Helen Ushakov, Sam Guoping GuSummaryThe dynamic process by which nuclear RNAi engages a transcriptionally active target, before the repressive state is stably established, remains largely a mystery. Here, we found that the onset of exogenous dsRNA-induced nuclear RNAi in C. elegans is a transgenerational process, and it requires a putative histone methyltransferase (HMT), SET-32. By developing a CRISPR-based genetic approach, we found that silencing establishment at the endoge...
Source: Cell Reports - November 21, 2018 Category: Cytology Source Type: research

Caveolin-1 Modulates Mechanotransduction Responses to Substrate Stiffness through Actin-Dependent Control of YAP
Publication date: 6 November 2018Source: Cell Reports, Volume 25, Issue 6Author(s): Roberto Moreno-Vicente, Dácil María Pavón, Inés Martín-Padura, Mauro Català-Montoro, Alberto Díez-Sánchez, Antonio Quílez-Álvarez, Juan Antonio López, Miguel Sánchez-Álvarez, Jesús Vázquez, Raffaele Strippoli, Miguel A. del PozoSummaryThe transcriptional regulator YAP orchestrates many cellular functions, including tissue homeostasis, organ growth control, and tumorigenesis. Mechanical stimuli are a key input to YAP activity, but the mechanisms controlling this regulation remain largely uncharacterized. We show that CAV1 posi...
Source: Cell Reports - November 7, 2018 Category: Cytology Source Type: research

Diverse Regulators of Human Ribosome Biogenesis Discovered by Changes in Nucleolar Number
Publication date: 13 February 2018 Source:Cell Reports, Volume 22, Issue 7 Author(s): Katherine I. Farley-Barnes, Kathleen L. McCann, Lisa M. Ogawa, Janie Merkel, Yulia V. Surovtseva, Susan J. Baserga Ribosome biogenesis is a highly regulated, essential cellular process. Although studies in yeast have established some of the biological principles of ribosome biogenesis, many of the intricacies of its regulation in higher eukaryotes remain unknown. To understand how ribosome biogenesis is globally integrated in human cells, we conducted a genome-wide siRNA screen for regulators of nucleolar number. We found 139 proteins wh...
Source: Cell Reports - February 24, 2018 Category: Cytology Source Type: research

The Host Protein Reticulon 3.1A Is Utilized by Flaviviruses to Facilitate Membrane Remodelling
In this study, we identified a key role for the membrane-bending host protein Reticulon 3.1 (RTN3.1A) during the replication cycle of three flaviviruses: West Nile virus (WNV), Dengue virus (DENV), and Zika virus (ZIKV). We observed that, during infection, RTN3.1A is redistributed and recruited to the viral replication complex, a recruitment facilitated via the WNV NS4A protein, however, not DENV or ZIKV NS4A. Critically, small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated knockdown of RTN3.1A expression attenuated WNV, DENV, and ZIKV replication and severely affected the stability and abundance of the NS4A protein, coinciding with a s...
Source: Cell Reports - November 7, 2017 Category: Cytology Source Type: research

Genome-wide Analysis of STAT3-Mediated Transcription during Early Human Th17 Cell Differentiation
Publication date: 30 May 2017 Source:Cell Reports, Volume 19, Issue 9 Author(s): Subhash K. Tripathi, Zhi Chen, Antti Larjo, Kartiek Kanduri, Kari Nousiainen, Tarmo Äijo, Isis Ricaño-Ponce, Barbara Hrdlickova, Soile Tuomela, Essi Laajala, Verna Salo, Vinod Kumar, Cisca Wijmenga, Harri Lähdesmäki, Riitta Lahesmaa The development of therapeutic strategies to combat immune-associated diseases requires the molecular mechanisms of human Th17 cell differentiation to be fully identified and understood. To investigate transcriptional control of Th17 cell differentiation, we used primary human CD4+ T cells in small interferin...
Source: Cell Reports - May 31, 2017 Category: Cytology Source Type: research

Unique Requirement for ESCRT Factors in Flavivirus Particle Formation on the Endoplasmic Reticulum
Publication date: Available online 18 August 2016 Source:Cell Reports Author(s): Keisuke Tabata, Masaru Arimoto, Masashi Arakawa, Atsuki Nara, Kazunobu Saito, Hiroko Omori, Arisa Arai, Tomohiro Ishikawa, Eiji Konishi, Ryosuke Suzuki, Yoshiharu Matsuura, Eiji Morita Flavivirus infection induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane rearrangements to generate a compartment for replication of the viral genome and assembly of viral particles. Using quantitative mass spectrometry, we identified several ESCRT (endosomal sorting complex required for transport) proteins that are recruited to sites of virus replication on the ER. S...
Source: Cell Reports - August 18, 2016 Category: Cytology Source Type: research

KDEL Receptors Assist Dengue Virus Exit from the Endoplasmic Reticulum
In this study, we demonstrate that dengue virus (DENV) interacts with KDEL receptors (KDELR), which cycle between the ER and Golgi apparatus, for vesicular transport from ER to Golgi. Depletion of KDELR by siRNA reduced egress of both DENV progeny and recombinant subviral particles (RSPs). Coimmunoprecipitation of KDELR with dengue structural protein prM required three positively charged residues at the N terminus, whose mutation disrupted protein interaction and inhibited RSP transport from the ER to the Golgi. Finally, siRNA depletion of class II Arfs, which results in KDELR accumulation in the Golgi, phenocopied result...
Source: Cell Reports - March 6, 2015 Category: Cytology Source Type: research