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CDX2 upregulates SLC26A3 gene expression in intestinal epithelial cells
SLC26A3 [downregulated in adenoma (DRA)] plays a key role in mammalian intestinal NaCl absorption, in that it mediates apical membrane Cl–/HCO3– exchange. DRA function and expression are significantly decreased in diarrhea associated with inflammatory bowel disease. DRA is also considered to be a marker of cellular differentiation and is predominantly expressed in differentiated epithelial cells. Caudal-type homeobox protein-2 (CDX2) is known to regulate genes involved in intestinal epithelial differentiation and proliferation. Reduced expression of both DRA and CDX2 in intestinal inflammation prompted us to st...
Source: AJP: Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology - September 1, 2017 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Chatterjee, I., Kumar, A., Castilla-Madrigal, R. M., Pellon-Cardenas, O., Gill, R. K., Alrefai, W. A., Borthakur, A., Verzi, M., Dudeja, P. K. Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research

The serine protease-mediated increase in intestinal epithelial barrier function is dependent on occludin and requires an intact tight junction
Barrier dysfunction is a characteristic of the inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Understanding how the tight junction is modified to maintain barrier function may provide avenues for treatment of IBD. We have previously shown that the apical addition of serine proteases to intestinal epithelial cell lines causes a rapid and sustained increase in transepithelial electrical resistance (TER), but the mechanisms are unknown. We hypothesized that serine proteases increase barrier function through trafficking and insertion of tight junction proteins into the membrane, and this could enhan...
Source: AJP: Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology - August 31, 2016 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Ronaghan, N. J., Shang, J., Iablokov, V., Zaheer, R., Colarusso, P., Turner, J. R., MacNaughton, W. K. Tags: EPITHELIAL BIOLOGY AND SECRETION Source Type: research

Increased IGF-IEc expression and mechano-growth factor production in intestinal muscle of fibrostenotic Crohn's disease and smooth muscle hypertrophy
The igf1 gene is alternatively spliced as IGF-IEa and IGF-IEc variants in humans. In fibrostenotic Crohn's disease, the fibrogenic cytokine TGF-β1 induces IGF-IEa expression and IGF-I production in intestinal smooth muscle and results in muscle hyperplasia and collagen I production that contribute to stricture formation. Mechano-growth factor (MGF) derived from IGF-IEc induces skeletal and cardiac muscle hypertrophy following stress. We hypothesized that increased IGF-IEc expression and MGF production mediated smooth muscle hypertrophy also characteristic of fibrostenotic Crohn's disease. IGF-IEc transcripts and MGF p...
Source: AJP: Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology - December 1, 2015 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Li, C., Vu, K., Hazelgrove, K., Kuemmerle, J. F. Tags: HORMONES, NEUROTRANSMITTERS, GROWTH FACTORS, RECEPTORS, AND SIGNALING Source Type: research

Short- and long-term regulation of intestinal Na+/H+ exchange by Toll-like receptors TLR4 and TLR5
In this study, we evaluated the activity and expression of Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE) subtypes in T84 intestinal epithelial cells during Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) activation by monophosphoryl lipid A and TLR5 by flagellin. NHE activity and intracellular pH were evaluated by spectrofluorescence. Additionally, kinase activities were evaluated by ELISA, and siRNA was used to specifically inhibit adenylyl cyclase (AC). Monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) (0.01–50.00 μg/ml) and flagellin (10–500 ng/ml) inhibited NHE1 activity in a concentration-dependent manner (MPLA short term –25.2 ± 5.0%, long term &ndash...
Source: AJP: Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology - October 15, 2015 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Cabral, J. M., Gracio, D., Soares-da-Silva, P., Magro, F. Tags: INFLAMMATION, IMMUNITY, AND INFECTION Source Type: research