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Infectious Disease: Parasitic Diseases

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Total 121 results found since Jan 2013.

Isolation and Identification of Pathogenic Filamentous Fungi and Yeasts From Adult House Fly (Diptera: Muscidae) Captured From the Hospital Environments in Ahvaz City, Southwestern Iran
This study has established that common house flies carry pathogenic fungi in the hospital environments of Ahvaz. The control of M. domestica in hospitals is essential in order to control the nosocomial fungal infections in patients.
Source: Journal of Medical Entomology - November 5, 2015 Category: Biology Authors: Kassiri, H., Zarrin, M., Veys-Behbahani, R., Faramarzi, S., Kasiri, A. Tags: Vector-Borne Diseases, Surveillance, Prevention Source Type: research

Reference gene stability of a synanthropic fly, Chrysomya megacephala
Conclusion: This fundamental but vital work should facilitate the gene studies of related biological processes and deepen the understanding in physiology, toxicology, and especially medical and forensic entomology of C. megacephala.
Source: Parasites and Vectors - October 29, 2015 Category: Microbiology Authors: Xiaoyun WangMei XiongJialu WangChaoliang LeiFen Zhu Source Type: research

Alternative Method for the Mass Rearing of Lutzomyia (Lutzomyia) cruzi (Diptera: Psychodidae) in a Laboratory Setting
The understanding of the transmission dynamics of Leishmania spp. Ross as well as the epidemiology and spread of leishmaniasis is related to parasite–vector–host interactions. These interactions can be studied using specimens of a sand fly population reared in the laboratory, exposing individuals to experimental infection for the investigation of vector competence and parameters of the vectorial capacity of the species. The present study sought to describe an alternative method for the implantation of a Lutzomyia (Lutzomyia) cruzi colony with wild specimens captured in the municipality of Corumbá, Brazil...
Source: Journal of Medical Entomology - September 11, 2015 Category: Biology Authors: Oliveira, E. F., Fernandes, W. S., Oshiro, E. T., Oliveira, A. G., Galati, E. A. B. Tags: Population Biology/Genetics Source Type: research

Comparison of the Insecticidal Characteristics of Commercially Available Plant Essential Oils Against Aedes aegypti and Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae)
Aedes aegypti and Anopheles gambiae are two mosquito species that represent significant threats to global public health as vectors of Dengue virus and malaria parasites, respectively. Although mosquito populations have been effectively controlled through the use of synthetic insecticides, the emergence of widespread insecticide-resistance in wild mosquito populations is a strong motivation to explore new insecticidal chemistries. For these studies, Ae. aegypti and An. gambiae were treated with commercially available plant essential oils via topical application. The relative toxicity of each essential oil was determined, as...
Source: Journal of Medical Entomology - September 11, 2015 Category: Biology Authors: Norris, E. J., Gross, A. D., Dunphy, B. M., Bessette, S., Bartholomay, L., Coats, J. R. Tags: Vector Control, Pest Management, Resistance, Repellents Source Type: research

Assessing Insecticide Susceptibility of Laboratory Lutzomyia longipalpis and Phlebotomus papatasi Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae)
The objective of this study was to determine lethal concentrations (LCs) and lethal exposure times (LTs) to assess levels of susceptibility of laboratory Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz and Nieva) and Phlebotomus papatasi (Scopoli) to 10 insecticides using a modified version of the World Health Organization (WHO) exposure kit assay and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) bottle bioassay. Sand flies were exposed to insecticides coated on the interior of 0.5-gallon and 1,000-ml glass bottles. Following exposure, the flies were allowed to recover for 24 h, after which mortality was recorded. From dose–response ...
Source: Journal of Medical Entomology - September 11, 2015 Category: Biology Authors: Denlinger, D. S., Lozano-Fuentes, S., Lawyer, P. G., Black, W. C., Bernhardt, S. A. Tags: Vector Control, Pest Management, Resistance, Repellents Source Type: research

Effect of Environmental Conditions and Toxic Compounds on the Locomotor Activity of Pediculus humanus capitis (Phthiraptera: Pediculidae)
In this work, we evaluated the effect of environmental variables such as temperature, humidity, and light on the locomotor activity of Pediculus humanus capitis. In addition, we used selected conditions of temperature, humidity, and light to study the effects of cypermethrin and N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET) on the locomotor activity of head lice. Head lice increased their locomotor activity in an arena at 30°C compared with activity at 20°C. When we tested the influence of the humidity level, the locomotor activity of head lice showed no significant differences related to humidity level, both at 30°C an...
Source: Journal of Medical Entomology - September 11, 2015 Category: Biology Authors: Ortega-Insaurralde, I., Toloza, A. C., Gonzalez-Audino, P., Mougabure-Cueto, G. A., Alvarez-Costa, A., Roca-Acevedo, G., Picollo, M. I. Tags: Vector Control, Pest Management, Resistance, Repellents Source Type: research

The Fleas of Endemic and Introduced Small Mammals in Central Highland Forests of Madagascar: Faunistics, Species Diversity, and Absence of Host Specificity
Data are presented on the flea species of the genera Paractenopsyllus (Ceratophyllidae, Leptopsyllinae) and Synopsyllus (Pulicidae, Xenopsyllinae) obtained from small mammals during two 2014 seasonal surveys at a montane humid forest site (Ambohitantely) in the Central Highlands of Madagascar. The mammal groups included the endemic family Tenrecidae (tenrecs) and subfamily Nesomyinae (rodents) and two introduced families Muridae (rodents) and Soricidae (shrews); no fleas were recovered from the latter family. The surveys were conducted at the end of the wet and dry seasons with 288 individual small mammals captured, includ...
Source: Journal of Medical Entomology - September 11, 2015 Category: Biology Authors: Goodman, S. M., Randrenjarison Andriniaina, H. R., Soarimalala, V., Beaucournu, J.-C. Tags: Vector/Pathogen/Host Interaction, Transmission Source Type: research

Analysis of ectoparasites (chigger mites, gamasid mites, fleas and sucking lice) of the Yunnan red‐backed vole (Eothenomys miletus) sampled throughout its range in southwest China
Abstract The Yunnan red‐backed vole Eothenomys miletus (Rodentia: Cricetidae) is an endemic rodent species and reservoir host of zoonoses in southwest China. Based on a large host sample (2463 voles collected from 39 localities between 2001 and 2013), a general analysis of four categories of ectoparasite (fleas, sucking lice, chigger mites and gamasid mites) on E. miletus across its entire range of distribution was made. This analysis identified a total of 71 895 ectoparasites belonging to 320 species (30 species of flea, 9 of sucking louse, 106 of gamasid mite and 175 of chigger mite) with a high prevalence (87%), m...
Source: Medical and Veterinary Entomology - September 1, 2015 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: P.‐Y. PENG, X.‐G. GUO, W.‐Y. SONG, P. HOU, Y.‐J. ZOU, R. FAN, X.‐S. HE Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

New hosts for the mite Ornithonyssus bursa in Argentina
Abstract The mite Ornithonyssus bursa (Berlese) (Mesostigmata: Macronyssidae) is considered a poultry pest causing important infestations in chickens and it is considered a potential vector of arbovirus. Despite being considered a common parasite in wild birds, there is scarce published information about its potential hosts and effects on them. Here we present new bird hosts for O. bursa, assess the presence of Alphavirus, Flavivirus and Bunyavirus in mites from three host species, and discuss its potential impact on wild bird populations. We found O. bursa infecting five raptor and six passerine wild bird species. For nin...
Source: Medical and Veterinary Entomology - August 11, 2015 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: M. Á. SANTILLÁN, J. M. GRANDE, M. S. LIÉBANA, P. MARTÍNEZ, L. A. DÍAZ, L. A. BRAGAGNOLO, C. SOLARO, M. A. GALMES, J. H. SARASOLA Tags: Short Communication Source Type: research

Trypanosomatids in ornithophilic bloodsucking Diptera
Abstract Trypanosomes are known as widespread blood parasites of birds; however, knowledge of their prevalences in vectors and their overall biodiversity is rather limited. To assess the prevalences in potential vectors, we have microscopically examined ornithophilic bloodsucking Diptera (Culicidae, Simuliidae and Hippoboscidae) for the presence of trypanosomatids in their guts. In total, 3270 specimens were dissected, namely Culex pipiens Linnaeus, 1758 (n = 898), C. modestus Ficalbi, 1890 (136), Simulium vernum (Macquart, 1838) (1455), S. angustipes Edwards, 1915 (221) and Ornithomyia avicularia (Linnaeus, 1758) (560...
Source: Medical and Veterinary Entomology - July 26, 2015 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: M. SVOBODOVÁ, P. VOLF, J. VOTÝPKA Tags: Short Communication Source Type: research

Rotation of male genitalia in various species of phlebotomine sandfly
Abstract Phlebotomine sandflies, vectors of Leishmania (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) parasites that affect millions of people worldwide, breed in terrestrial biotopes. As immature stages are rarely accessible, the detection of their natural breeding sites is primarily based on findings of juvenile males with unrotated external genitalia. In males, permanent 180° rotation on the longitudinal body axis occurs soon after eclosion; however, no study has as yet addressed this aspect in detail. The present study describes the timing and duration of the rotation of male external genitalia in eight highly medically important...
Source: Medical and Veterinary Entomology - June 1, 2015 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: J. VOTÝPKA, M. PAVLASOVA, V. VOLFOVA, P. VOLF Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

'Neonics Not Key Driver of Bee Deaths'--USDA Study May Clash With White House Poised to Restrict Pesticide
Even as a special White House created task force is poised any day now to address concerns over supposedly vanishing honeybees, new research suggests that the very premise of the federal investigation may be misplaced. Last summer, President Obama asked the Environmental Protection Agency to investigate conflicting reports that pesticides, and in particular a class of chemicals known as neonicotinoids, were the probable cause of mysterious bee deaths and declining numbers of beehives. The latest headline on farmers' critical pollinator? The numbers of beehives are actually growing, continuing a multi-year improvement--g...
Source: Science - The Huffington Post - March 25, 2015 Category: Science Source Type: news

Cryptic biodiversity in the cytogenome of bird‐biting blackflies in North Africa
Abstract Bird‐biting blackflies in the Simulium (Eusimulium) aureum group (Diptera: Simuliidae) are widespread vectors of Leucocytozoon and Trypanosoma parasites. The polytene chromosomes of 619 larvae of the three nominal members of the S. aureum group in North Africa were evaluated cytogenetically for cryptic biodiversity. Seven chromosomal segregates were discovered among 29 populations in Algeria and Morocco. This diversity was based primarily on two chromosomal inversions, which have assumed unique roles in different lineages, including sex linkage, fixation, loss and autosomal polymorphism. Reproductive isolation...
Source: Medical and Veterinary Entomology - March 1, 2015 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: P. H. ADLER, M. CHERAIRIA, S. F. ARIGUE, B. SAMRAOUI, B. BELQAT Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

The geographic distribution and ecological preferences of the American dog tick, Dermacentor variabilis (Say), in the U.S.A.
In this study, we developed a continent‐scale map for the distribution of the EP vector species D. variabilis, using a presence‐only modelling approach to assess the habitat preferences of this tick. We used identification records from our tick geodatabase of locations in which the presence of the ADT had been noted. The potential distribution of the ADT in the U.S.A. was estimated from environmental factors using the maximum entropy approach based on localities in which there is a high probability of occurrence according to habitat suitability. Elevation and temperature were found to be biologically significant envi...
Source: Medical and Veterinary Entomology - February 16, 2015 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: A. M. JAMES, C. BURDETT, M. J. MCCOOL, A. FOX, P. RIGGS Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Bee Experts Dismantle Touted 'Harvard' Neonics-Colony Collapse Disorder Study As 'Activist Science'
This study remains the only lab research to date that has evaluated how real world pollen-pesticide blends affect honey bee health. The researchers found a striking reduction in the risk from Nosema infection when neonics were used, bee health improved. Why would that be? It seems neonics may suppress the parasite associated with the disease. vanEngelsdorp and Pettis are not yet sure this is a real effect; good science requires that results be confirmed in multiple studies. That said, the intriguing but startling finding directly challenges the belief that neonics pose an unusually unique danger to bees. What is the futu...
Source: Science - The Huffington Post - December 15, 2014 Category: Science Source Type: news