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Source: Journal of Medical Entomology
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Total 409 results found since Jan 2013.
Heterogeneity of Mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) Control Community Size, Research Productivity, and Arboviral Diseases Across the United States
Multiple factors lead to extensive variation in mosquito and mosquito-borne virus control programs throughout the United States. This variation is related to differences in budgets, number of personnel, operational activities targeting nuisance or vector species, integration of Geographical Information Systems, and the degree of research and development to improve management interventions through collaboration with academic institutions. To highlight this heterogeneity, the current study evaluates associations among the size of a mosquito control community, the research productivity, and the mosquito-borne virus human dise...
Source: Journal of Medical Entomology - May 19, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: Hamer, G. L. Tags: Forum Source Type: research
Can Subclinical Infestation by Paralyzing Dermacentor andersoni (Acari: Ixodidae) Induce Immunity to Tick Paralysis in Sheep?
Cattle and sheep can develop immunity to paralysis caused by Dermacentor andersoni Stiles; however, this has been reported only in animals that were initially challenged with a high dose of ticks and exhibited clear symptoms of paralysis. Paralysis in sheep occurs in a dose-dependent fashion, with no paralysis occurring in sheep exposed to <0.2 ticks per kilogram sheep weight, and 100% paralysis in sheep exposed to >0.8 ticks per kilogram. This experiment was conducted to determine if sheep exposed to a low dose of ticks would also develop immunity to paralysis. Sheep were exposed to either a low (0.2 ticks per kilog...
Source: Journal of Medical Entomology - May 19, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: Lysyk, T. J., Dergousoff, S. J. Tags: Arthropod/Host Interaction, Immunity Source Type: research
Tick Salivary Cholinesterase: A Probable Immunomodulator of Host-parasite Interactions
The southern cattle tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Canestrini), is the most economically important cattle ectoparasite in the world. Rhipicephalus microplus and Rhipicephalus annulatus (Say) continue to threaten U.S. cattle producers despite eradication and an importation barrier based on inspection, dipping of imported cattle in organophosphate (OP) acaricide, and quarantine of infested premises. OP acaricides inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE), essential to tick central nervous system function. Unlike vertebrates, ticks possess at least three genes encoding AChEs, differing in amino acid sequence and biochem...
Source: Journal of Medical Entomology - May 19, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: Temeyer, K. B., Tuckow, A. P. Tags: Arthropod/Host Interaction, Immunity Source Type: research
Human C5a Protein Participates in the Mosquito Immune Response Against Dengue Virus
Dengue virus (DENV) is transmitted by Aedes spp mosquitoes during a bloodmeal uptake. The bloodmeal consists of host cells, immune factors, and possibly blood-borne pathogens, such as arboviruses. Human cells and immune-related factors, like the complement system, can remain active in the bloodmeal and may be able to interact with pathogens in the mosquito. Previous studies have shown that active complement proteins impact Plasmodium parasite viability in the Anopheles midgut. Thus, we investigated the effects of the human complement on DENV infection in the midgut of Aedes aegypti. Our findings indicate that mosquitoes re...
Source: Journal of Medical Entomology - May 19, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: Londono-Renteria, B., Grippin, C., Cardenas, J. C., Troupin, A., Colpitts, T. M. Tags: Arthropod/Host Interaction, Immunity Source Type: research
Variability in Population Density of House Dust Mites of Bitlis and Mus, Turkey
This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between the number of house dust mites/g dust and different physical and environmental variables. A total of 1,040 house dust samples were collected from houses in Bitlis and Mus Provinces, Turkey, between May 2010 and February 2012. Overall, 751 (72.2%) of dust samples were mite positive. The number of mites/g dust varied between 20 and 1,840 in mite-positive houses. A significant correlation was detected between mean number of mites and altitude of houses, frequency of monthly vacuum cleaning, number of individuals in the household, and relative humidity. No associ...
Source: Journal of Medical Entomology - May 19, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: Aykut, M., Erman, O. K., Dogan, S. Tags: Arthropod/Host Interaction, Immunity Source Type: research
Effects of Temperature and Tissue Type on the Development of Megaselia scalaris (Diptera: Phoridae)
This study is the first to examine the effects of different temperatures and tissues from two vertebrate species on the growth rate and larval length of M. scalaris. A preliminary validation of these data was also conducted. Immatures of M. scalaris were reared on either bovine or porcine biceps femoris at 24 °C, 28 °C, and 32 °C. Temperature significantly impacted immature development time, including egg eclosion, eclosion to pupation, and pupation to adult emergence, to favor faster development at higher temperatures. From ovipostion to eclosion, development rate was 32.1% faster from 24 °C to 28 °C, ...
Source: Journal of Medical Entomology - May 19, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: Thomas, J. K., Sanford, M. R., Longnecker, M., Tomberlin, J. K. Tags: Development, Life History Source Type: research
Spatiotemporal Co-occurrence of Flanders and West Nile Viruses Within Culex Populations in Shelby County, Tennessee
West Nile virus (WNV) and Flanders virus (FLAV) can cocirculate in Culex mosquitoes in parts of North America. A large dataset of mosquito pools tested for WNV and FLAV was queried to understand the spatiotemporal relationship between these two viruses in Shelby County, TN. We found strong evidence of global clustering (i.e., spatial autocorrelation) and overlapping of local clustering (i.e., Hot Spots based on Getis Ord Gi*) of maximum likelihood estimates (MLE) of infection rates (IR) during 2008–2013. Temporally, FLAV emerges and peaks on average 10.2 wk prior to WNV based on IR. Higher levels of WNV IR were detec...
Source: Journal of Medical Entomology - May 19, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: Lucero, D. E., Carlson, T. C., Delisle, J., Poindexter, S., Jones, T. F., Moncayo, A. C. Tags: Modeling/GIS, Risk Assessment, Economic Impact Source Type: research
Description of the Female of Martinsmyia minasensis (Diptera, Psychodidae, Phlebotominae), With Distribution Records and a Key to Female Identification
The adult female of the sand fly species Martinsmyia minasensis (Mangabeira, 1942) is described, and the characters of the genus Martinsmyia Galati, 1995 are defined. We performed morphometric analyses on the spermatheca and wings, and present data on the geographical distribution of M. minasensis, as well as an identification key to females of this genus. The specimens were measured, drawn, photographed, and compared with the similar species M. oliveirai. It was possible to distinguish between M. minasensis and M. oliveirai based on differences found in the common and individual ducts of the spermatheca, as well as wing shape and size.
Source: Journal of Medical Entomology - May 19, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: Shimabukuro, P. H. F., Carvalho, G. M. d. L., Gontijo, C. M. F., Rego, F. D. Tags: Morphology, Systematics, Evolution Source Type: research
Musserellus gen. nov., and Five New Species of Fleas (Siphonaptera: Stivaliidae) From Murid Rodents in Sulawesi and West Papua, Indonesia
A new stivaliid flea genus, Musserellus, and five new species are described. The new genus is compared with its closest morphological relatives, the genera Rectidigitus Holland and Metastivalius Holland. Musserellus vanpeeneni sp. nov., Musserellus wattsi sp. nov., Musserellus whitei sp. nov., and Musserellus marshalli sp. nov. are described from endemic murid rodents in Sulawesi, Indonesia, while Musserellus dunneti sp. nov. is described from Rattus rattus in West Papua, Indonesia. Host associations and the biogeographical relevance of the faunal connection between Sulawesi and New Guinea shown by Musserellus are briefly discussed.
Source: Journal of Medical Entomology - May 19, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: Mardon, D. K., Durden, L. A. Tags: Morphology, Systematics, Evolution Source Type: research
A Proteomic Analysis of Sarcoptes scabiei (Acari: Sarcoptidae)
The pruritic skin disease scabies is caused by the burrowing of the itch mite Sarcoptes scabiei (De Geer). It is difficult to diagnose this disease because its symptoms often resemble those of other skin diseases. No reliable blood or molecular diagnostic test is available. The aim of this project was to begin to characterize the scabies proteome to identify scabies mite proteins, including those that may be useful in the development of a diagnostic test or vaccine. Various scabies mite extracts were separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis, and 844 Coomassie Blue-stained protein spots were excised, subjected to trypsi...
Source: Journal of Medical Entomology - May 19, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: Morgan, M. S., Arlian, L. G., Rider, S. D., Grunwald, W. C., Cool, D. R. Tags: Neurobiology, Physiology, Biochemistry Source Type: research
The Interactive Role of Immature Stage Competition, Cohort Overlap, and Resource Limitation on the Population Viability of the Treehole Mosquito Aedes triseriatus (Diptera: Culicidae)
The size and success of epidemiologically significant adult mosquito populations are inherently tied to the conditions of the aquatic habitat in which juvenile stages grow until eclosion. While resource competition and quality are well-established controls to juvenile growth and survival, the implications to overall population rates of increase are less understood due to the large sample sizes needed to parameterize population models for all five juvenile life stages under multiple environmental and demographic conditions. Here, we present the results of >4,300 trials of wild-caught Aedes triseriatus (Say, 1823) larvae ...
Source: Journal of Medical Entomology - May 19, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: Hanly, P. J., Haase, A. T. Tags: Population and Community Ecology Source Type: research
Characterization of an Indoor-Resting Population of Anopheles arabiensis (Diptera: Culicidae) and the Implications on Malaria Transmission in Tubu Village in Okavango Subdistrict, Botswana
This study assessed some of the entomological indices that contribute to malaria transmission by an indoor-resting population of Anopheles arabiensis Patton (Diptera: Culicidae) in Tubu village, Okavango subdistrict. The pyrethroid space-spray technique and hut searches were used to sample mosquitoes. Species and bloodmeal source identification were done using the polymerase chain reaction techniques. The infective status was determined by the enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay test. The human blood indices (HBI), human-biting rates (HBR), and vector densities were computed. Anopheles arabiensis was the sole vector and mem...
Source: Journal of Medical Entomology - May 19, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: Chirebvu, E., Chimbari, M. J. Tags: Population and Community Ecology Source Type: research
Toxicity of Sulfide and Ammonium to Aedes triseriatus Larvae (Diptera: Culicidae) in Water-Filled Tree Holes and Tires
Ammonium and sulfide in water of tree hole and tire habitats of Aedes triseriatus Say larvae could accumulate to toxic levels, limiting growth and production of larvae and adults. Both ions were detected in water samples taken in longitudinal series over 11 dates from 10 habitats of each type during the larval growth season, at concentrations suggestive of reducing conditions in these habitats. Ammonium was more concentrated overall in water of both habitat types, while sulfide was more concentrated in tires than in tree holes. Water of tree holes was more acidic, whereas water in tires tended to be more basic, an importan...
Source: Journal of Medical Entomology - May 19, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: Walker, E. D. Tags: Population and Community Ecology Source Type: research
Detection of SFTS Virus in Ixodes nipponensis and Amblyomma testudinarium (Ixodida: Ixodidae) Collected From Reptiles in the Republic of Korea
A survey of reptile-associated ticks and their infection status with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) virus was conducted to determine the relative abundance and distribution among lizards, skinks, and snakes in the Republic of Korea (ROK). In total, 132 reptiles, including 49 lizards (two species), 15 skinks (one species), and 68 snakes (eight species) were collected. In total, 84 ixodid ticks belonging to two genera (Ixodes and Amblyomma) were collected from 28/132 (21.2%) lizards, skinks, and snakes. Ixodes nipponensis Kitaoka & Saito was only collected from lizards and skinks, while Amblyomma test...
Source: Journal of Medical Entomology - May 19, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: Suh, J.-H., Kim, H.-C., Yun, S.-M., Lim, J.-W., Kim, J.-H., Chong, S.-T., Kim, D.-H., Kim, H.-T., Kim, H., Klein, T. A., Johnson, J. L., Lee, W.-J. Tags: Vector-Borne Diseases, Surveillance, Prevention Source Type: research
Conjugation-Mediated Transfer of Antibiotic-Resistance Plasmids Between Enterobacteriaceae in the Digestive Tract of Blaberus craniifer (Blattodea: Blaberidae)
Cockroaches, insects of the order Blattodea, seem to play a crucial role in the possible conjugation-mediated genetic exchanges that occur among bacteria that harbor in the cockroach intestinal tract. The gut of these insects can be thought of as an effective in vivo model for the natural transfer of antimicrobial resistance plasmids among bacteria. In our study, we evaluated the conjugation-mediated horizontal transfer of resistance genes between Escherichia coli and other microorganisms of the same Enterobacteriaceae family within the intestinal tract of Blaberus craniifer Burmeister, 1838 (Blattodea: Blaberidae). D...
Source: Journal of Medical Entomology - May 19, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: Anacarso, I., Iseppi, R., Sabia, C., Messi, P., Condo, C., Bondi, M., de Niederhäusern, S. Tags: Vector-Borne Diseases, Surveillance, Prevention Source Type: research
