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Total 14 results found since Jan 2013.

How Zoophilic Japanese Encephalitis Vector Mosquitoes Feed on Humans
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is the most frequent cause of mosquito-borne encephalitis in Asian countries. Several culicine species are potential vectors. The primary JEV vectors feed mainly on cows (a dead-end host for JEV), pigs (an amplifying host), and, occasionally, humans (a dead-end host). It is essential to determine blood-feeding patterns to understand the transmission cycle of the disease. Here we review blood-feeding characteristics of the primary JEV vectors Culex tritaeniorhynchus, Culex vishnui, and Culex gelidus based on experimental works and field surveys conducted in Asian countries. Several studies ...
Source: Journal of Medical Entomology - January 11, 2017 Category: Biology Authors: Tuno, N., Tsuda, Y., Takagi, M. Tags: Review Source Type: research

Comparison of Adult Mosquito Black-Light and Light-Emitting Diode Traps at Three Cowsheds Located in Malaria-Endemic Areas of the Republic of Korea
Adult mosquito surveillance and field trials evaluated selected commercially available ultraviolet black-light (BL) and light-emitting diode (LED) traps at three sites where vivax malaria is endemic from May to October 2015 in northwestern Republic of Korea. Collections totaled 283,929 adult mosquitoes (280,355 [98.74%] females and 3,574 [1.26%] males) comprising 17 species (including six members of the Anopheles Hyrcanus Group) belonging to six genera. The four most predominant female species collected were Aedes vexans nipponii (Theobald) (83.84%), followed by Anopheles Hyrcanus Group (13.66%), Culex pipiens Group (1.67%...
Source: Journal of Medical Entomology - January 11, 2017 Category: Biology Authors: Kim, H.-C., Kim, M.-S., Choi, K.-S., Hwang, D.-U., Johnson, J. L., Klein, T. A. Tags: Vector-Borne Diseases, Surveillance, Prevention Source Type: research

A Density Map of the Tick-Borne Encephalitis and Lyme Borreliosis Vector Ixodes ricinus (Acari: Ixodidae) for Germany
The castor bean tick Ixodes ricinus (L.) is the principal vector for a variety of viral, bacterial, and protozoan pathogens causing a growing public-health issue over the past decades. However, a national density map of I. ricinus is still missing. Here, I. ricinus nymphs in Germany were investigated by compiling a high-resolution map depicting the mean annually accumulated nymphal density, as observed by monthly flagging an area of 100 m2. Input data comprise ticks collected at 69 sampling sites. The model domain covers an area of about 357,000 km2 (regional scale). Two negative binomial regression models were fitted to t...
Source: Journal of Medical Entomology - November 11, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: Brugger, K., Boehnke, D., Petney, T., Dobler, G., Pfeffer, M., Silaghi, C., Schaub, G. A., Pinior, B., Dautel, H., Kahl, O., Pfister, K., Süss, J., Rubel, F. Tags: Modeling/GIS, Risk Assessment, Economic Impact Source Type: research

Evaluation of the Honey-Card Technique for Detection of Transmission of Arboviruses in Florida and Comparison With Sentinel Chicken Seroconversion
Zoonotic mosquito-borne viruses, such as the West Nile virus (WNV) and eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV), are major public health threats in the United States. Early detection of virus transmission and targeted vector management are critical to protect humans against these pathogens. Sentinel chickens and pool screening of mosquitoes, the most widely used methods of arbovirus early detection, have technical time-lags that compromise their early-detection value. The exploitation of sugar-feeding by trapped mosquitoes for arbovirus surveillance may represent a viable alternative to other methods. Here we compared effe...
Source: Journal of Medical Entomology - November 11, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: Burkett-Cadena, N. D., Gibson, J., Lauth, M., Stenn, T., Acevedo, C., Xue, R.-d., McNelly, J., Northey, E., Hassan, H. K., Fulcher, A., Bingham, A. M., van Olphen, J., van Olphen, A., Unnasch, T. R. Tags: Vector-Borne Diseases, Surveillance, Prevention Source Type: research

Vector Competence and Capacity of Culex erraticus (Diptera: Culicidae) for Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus in the Southeastern United States
Field studies of the ecology of eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV; family Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus) in the southeastern United States have demonstrated that Culex erraticus (Dyar and Knab) is the most common mosquito at many enzootic sites and is often infected with the virus. However, the competence of Cx. erraticus for EEEV has not been explored in detail. Culex erraticus females were collected from the field and fed upon EEEV-infected chicks. The infected mosquitoes were provided honey for nutrition and to monitor for time to infectiveness. Of the mosquitoes that survived the 14-d postfeeding period, 89% were...
Source: Journal of Medical Entomology - March 8, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: Bingham, A. M., Burkett-Cadena, N. D., Hassan, H. K., Unnasch, T. R. Tags: Short Communication Source Type: research

Differential protein expression in the midgut of Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes induced by the insecticide temephos
Abstract Mosquitoes are vectors for pathogens of malaria, lymphatic filariasis, dengue, chikungunya, yellow fever and Japanese encephalitis. Culex quinquefasciatus Say, 1823 (Diptera: Culicidae) is a known vector of lymphatic filariasis. Its control in Brazil has been managed using the organophosphate temephos. Studies examining the proteins of Cx. quinquefasciatus that are differentially expressed in response to temephos further understanding of the modes of action of the insecticide and may potentially identify resistance factors in the mosquito. In the present study, a comparative proteomic analysis, using 2‐dimension...
Source: Medical and Veterinary Entomology - February 29, 2016 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: P. D. GAMES, S. N. ALVES, B. B. KATZ, J. M. TOMICH, J. E. SERRÃO Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Armigeres subalbatus colonization of damaged pit latrines: a nuisance and potential health risk to residents of resettlement villages in Laos
Abstract During the resettlement of 6500 persons living around the Nam Theun 2 hydroelectric project in Laos, more than 1200 pour‐flush latrines were constructed. To assess the role of these latrines as productive larval habitats for mosquitoes, entomological investigations using Centers for Disease Control (CDC) light traps, visual inspection and emergence trapping were carried out in over 300 latrines during the rainy seasons of 2008–2010. Armigeres subalbatus (Diptera: Culicidae) were nine times more likely to be found in latrines (mean catch: 3.09) than in adjacent bedrooms (mean catch: 0.37) [odds ratio (OR) 9.08,...
Source: Medical and Veterinary Entomology - October 28, 2015 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: A. HISCOX, R. HIROOKA, K. VONGPHAYLOTH, N. HILL, S. W. LINDSAY, M. GRANDADAM, P. T. BREY Tags: Short Communication Source Type: research

Evaluation of vector competence for West Nile virus in Italian Stegomyia albopicta (=Aedes albopictus) mosquitoes
Abstract West Nile virus (WNV) is a zoonotic arboviral pathogen transmitted by mosquitoes in a cycle that involves wild birds as reservoir hosts. The virus is responsible for outbreaks of viral encephalitis in humans and horses. In Europe, Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) is considered to be the main vector of WNV, but other species such as Stegomyia albopicta (=Aedes albopictus) (Diptera: Culicidae) may also act as competent vectors of this virus. Since 2008 human cases of WNV disease have been reported in northeast Italy. In 2011, new areas of southern Italy became involved and a first outbreak of WNV lineage 1 occurre...
Source: Medical and Veterinary Entomology - September 18, 2015 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: C. FORTUNA, M. E. REMOLI, F. SEVERINI, M. DI LUCA, L. TOMA, F. FOIS, P. BUCCI, D. BOCCOLINI, R. ROMI, M. G. CIUFOLINI Tags: Short Communication Source Type: research

Factors That Influence the Transmission of West Nile Virus in Florida
West Nile virus (WNV) was first detected in North America in New York City during the late summer of 1999 and was first detected in Florida in 2001. Although WNV has been responsible for widespread and extensive epidemics in human populations and epizootics in domestic animals and wildlife throughout North America, comparable epidemics have never materialized in Florida. Here, we review some of the reasons why WNV has yet to cause an extensive outbreak in Florida. The primary vector of mosquito-borne encephalitis virus in Florida is Culex nigripalpus Theobald. Rainfall, drought, and temperature are the primary factors that...
Source: Journal of Medical Entomology - September 11, 2015 Category: Biology Authors: Day, J. F., Tabachnick, W. J., Smartt, C. T. Tags: Forum Source Type: research

Defining Genetic, Taxonomic, and Geographic Boundaries Among Species of the Psorophora confinnis (Diptera: Culicidae) Complex in North and South America
The Psorophora confinnis complex is currently composed of three species—Psorophora confinnis sensu stricto (Lynch Arribalzaga) in South America, Psorophora columbiae (Dyar and Knab) in North America, and Psorophora jamaicensis (Theobald) in the Caribbean. Members of the complex are of considerable importance as vectors of arboviruses, for example, Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus, and are significant biting pests throughout their range. The biological and geographic boundaries of Ps. confinnis and Ps. columbiae are unclear. In fact, the name Ps. columbiae is presently designated as "provisional." In this article,...
Source: Journal of Medical Entomology - September 11, 2015 Category: Biology Authors: Lanzaro, G. C., Collier, T. C., Lee, Y. Tags: Population Biology/Genetics Source Type: research

Isolation of Tahyna Virus (California Encephalitis Group) From Anopheles hyrcanus (Diptera, Culicidae), a Mosquito Species New to, and Expanding in, Central Europe
Source: Journal of Medical Entomology - November 16, 2014 Category: Biology Authors: Hubalek, Z.Sebesta, O.Pesko, J.Betasova, L.Blazejova, H.Venclikova, K.Rudolf, I. Tags: Vector-Borne Diseases, Surveillance, Prevention Source Type: research

Evaluation of a temperate climate mosquito, Ochlerotatus detritus (Aedes detritus), as a potential vector of Japanese encephalitis virus
Abstract. The U.K. has not yet experienced a confirmed outbreak of mosquito‐borne virus transmission to people or livestock despite numerous autochthonous epizootic and human outbreaks of mosquito‐borne diseases on the European mainland. Indeed, whether or not British mosquitoes are competent to transmit arboviruses has not been established. Therefore, the competence of a local (temperate) British mosquito species, Ochlerotatus detritus (Aedes detritus) (Diptera: Culicidae) for transmission of a member of the genus Flavivirus, Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) as a model for mosquito‐borne virus transmission was asse...
Source: Medical and Veterinary Entomology - August 4, 2014 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: L. MACKENZIE‐IMPOINVIL, D. E. IMPOINVIL, S. E. GALBRAITH, R. J. DILLON, H. RANSON, N. JOHNSON, A. R. FOOKS, T. SOLOMON, M. BAYLIS Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Evaluation of a temperate climate mosquito, Ochlerotatus detritus (=Aedes detritus), as a potential vector of Japanese encephalitis virus
Abstract The U.K. has not yet experienced a confirmed outbreak of mosquito‐borne virus transmission to people or livestock despite numerous autochthonous epizootic and human outbreaks of mosquito‐borne diseases on the European mainland. Indeed, whether or not British mosquitoes are competent to transmit arboviruses has not been established. Therefore, the competence of a local (temperate) British mosquito species, Ochlerotatus detritus (=Aedes detritus) (Diptera: Culicidae) for transmission of a member of the genus Flavivirus, Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) as a model for mosquito‐borne virus transmission was asse...
Source: Medical and Veterinary Entomology - August 4, 2014 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: L. MACKENZIE‐IMPOINVIL, D. E. IMPOINVIL, S. E. GALBRAITH, R. J. DILLON, H. RANSON, N. JOHNSON, A. R. FOOKS, T. SOLOMON, M. BAYLIS Tags: Original Article Source Type: research