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Infectious Disease: Endemics

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Total 24836 results found since Jan 2013.

Clinical Features and Outcomes of Severe Pneumonia Caused by Endemic H1qweuman Coronavirus in Adults
Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2022 Feb 4. doi: 10.1164/rccm.202112-2797LE. Online ahead of print.NO ABSTRACTPMID:35119977 | DOI:10.1164/rccm.202112-2797LE
Source: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine - February 4, 2022 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Hyemin Chung Sang-Bum Hong Jin Won Huh Heungsup Sung Kyung-Hyun Do Sang-Oh Lee Chae-Man Lim Younsuck Koh Sang-Ho Choi Source Type: research

Clinical Features and Outcomes of Severe Pneumonia Caused by Endemic Human Coronavirus in Adults
Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2022 Feb 4. doi: 10.1164/rccm.202112-2797LE. Online ahead of print.NO ABSTRACTPMID:35119977 | DOI:10.1164/rccm.202112-2797LE
Source: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine - February 4, 2022 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Hyemin Chung Sang-Bum Hong Jin Won Huh Heungsup Sung Kyung-Hyun Do Sang-Oh Lee Chae-Man Lim Younsuck Koh Sang-Ho Choi Source Type: research

Characterization of the clonal profile of MRSA isolated in neonatal and pediatric intensive care units of a University Hospital
Conclusions: Replacement of clonal groups occurred in the neonatal and pediatric units over the period studied, a fact highlighting the importance of improving hygiene practices and control measures of nosocomial infections in these units.
Source: Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials - November 7, 2014 Category: Microbiology Authors: Valéria PereiraDanilo RiboliMaria da Cunha Source Type: research

Pediatric Abdominal Tuberculosis With Calcified Intra-abdominal Lymph Nodes Identified by Point-of-Care Ultrasound
Conclusions In the right clinical setting, the concurrent presence of intra-abdominal lymphadenopathy, ascites, mesenteric thickening, ileocecal thickening, and splenic microabscesses on ultrasound imaging should lead to consideration of the diagnosis of intra-abdominal tuberculosis. Although typically diagnosed on computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging, in our case, POCUS helped facilitate the bedside diagnosis of abdominal tuberculosis in the emergency department.
Source: Pediatric Emergency Care - April 1, 2021 Category: Emergency Medicine Tags: Ultrasound Case Review Source Type: research

Melioidosis: Evolving Concepts in Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Treatment
Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2015; 36: 111-125DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1398389Infection with Burkholderia pseudomallei can result in asymptomatic seroconversion, a single skin lesion that may or may not heal spontaneously, a pneumonia which can be subacute or chronic and mimic tuberculosis or rapidly progressive resulting in fatal overwhelming sepsis. Latency with subsequent activation of disease is well recognized, but very uncommon. Melioidosis also has a myriad of other clinical presentations and diagnosis is often delayed because of this and because of difficulties with laboratory diagnosis and lack of recognition outside mel...
Source: Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine - February 2, 2015 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Currie, Bart J. Source Type: research

How Should We Treat Hospital-Acquired and Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia Caused by Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase–Producing Enterobacteriaceae?
Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2017; 38: 287-300 DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1603112Hospital-acquired and ventilator-associated pneumonia (HAP/VAP) due to extended-spectrum β-lactamase–producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-PE) represent a growing problem. Indeed, ESBL-PE is endemic in many countries, and 5 to 25% of intensive care unit (ICU) patients are ESBL-PE carrier on ICU admission. ESBL-PE HAP/VAP is associated with a higher mortality than HAP/VAP due to susceptible Enterobacteriaceae because the resistance profile decreases the adequacy rate of empiric therapy. ESBL-PE should be considered in the empirical treatment in case of ...
Source: Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine - June 4, 2017 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Timsit, Jean-Fran çois Pilmis, Benoit Zahar, Jean-Ralph Tags: Review Article Source Type: research

Pulmonary Coccidioidomycosis
Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2020; 41: 042-052 DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-3400998Coccidioidomycosis is an infection caused by the geographically restricted dimorphic fungus, Coccidioides. Coccidioidomycosis occurs endemically in the southwestern and western United States, mainly in focused regions of Arizona and California where the incidence is highest, and in Central and South America. Patients with impaired immunity, especially those with impaired cellular immunity, are at higher risk of severe and disseminated disease. In this review, we describe the fungal ecology and mycology, epidemiology, pathophysiology, and normal immune ...
Source: Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine - January 29, 2020 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Kimes, Kathryn E. Kasule, Sabirah N. Blair, Janis E. Tags: Review Article Source Type: research

Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae
Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2015; 36: 074-084DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1544208Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) were almost nonexistent up to the 1990s, but are today encountered routinely in hospitals and other healthcare facilities in many countries including the United States. KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae was the first to emerge and spread globally and is endemic in the United States, Israel, Greece, and Italy. Recently, NDM-producing Enterobacteriaceae and OXA-48-producing K. pneumoniae appear to be disseminating from South Asia and Northern Africa, respectively. They are almost always resistant to all Î...
Source: Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine - February 2, 2015 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Doi, YoheiPaterson, David L. Source Type: research

New Developments in Blastomycosis
Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2015; 36: 715-728DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1562898 Blastomyces dermatitidis, the etiologic agent of blastomycosis, is a thermally dimorphic fungus that grows as a filamentous mold in the environment and as budding yeast in human tissue. This pathogen is endemic to North America, particularly in the states bordering the Mississippi and Ohio rivers, the Great Lakes, and the St. Lawrence Seaway. Infection with B. dermatitidis causes a broad array of clinical manifestations ranging from asymptomatic infection to fulminant sepsis with acute respiratory distress syndrome and death. B. dermatitidis can ...
Source: Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine - September 23, 2015 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Smith, Jeannina A.Gauthier, Greg Source Type: research

Histoplasmosis: Up-to-Date Evidence-Based Approach to Diagnosis and Management
Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2015; 36: 729-745DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1562899Histoplasmosis is the most common endemic mycosis in the North America, Central America, and many countries of South America and also occurs in China, India, Southeast Asia, Africa, Australia, and Europe. Clinical syndromes are not specific and histoplasmosis often is overlooked in the evaluation of patients with community-acquired pneumonia, chronic cavitary pneumonia resembling tuberculosis or anaerobic infection, granulomatous inflammatory diseases such as sarcoidosis or Crohn disease, and malignancy. The diagnosis depends on understanding the geogra...
Source: Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine - September 23, 2015 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Hage, Chadi A.Azar, Marwan M.Bahr, NathanLoyd, JamesWheat, L. Joseph Source Type: research

Coccidioidomycosis: Recent Updates
Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2015; 36: 746-755DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1562900Coccidioidomycosis manifests as a variety of clinical manifestations and ranges in severity from asymptomatic exposure with resultant immunity to reinfection, to fulminant, and life-threatening disseminated disease. Primary coccidioidal pneumonia represents the most common clinical form of infection, and the incidence continues to increase. Within the endemic region, primary pulmonary coccidioidomycosis represents up to 29% of all community-acquired pneumonia emphasizing the frequency with which clinicians encounter this endemic mycosis. Chronic infecti...
Source: Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine - September 23, 2015 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Twarog, MerylThompson, George R. Source Type: research

Posaconazole: Use in the Prophylaxis and Treatment of Fungal Infections
Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2015; 36: 767-785DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1562902Posaconazole, a fluorinated triazole antifungal drug, is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for (1) prophylaxis against Aspergillus and Candida infections in immunocompromised patients at high risk for these infections and (2) oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC), including cases refractory to fluconazole and/or itraconazole. The European Medicines Agency (EMA) has approved posaconazole for (1) treatment of aspergillosis, fusariosis, chromoblastomycosis, and coccidioidomycosis in patients who are refractory to or intolerant of other azol...
Source: Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine - September 23, 2015 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Clark, Nina M.Grim, Shellee A.Lynch, Joseph P. Source Type: research

Voriconazole: How to Use This Antifungal Agent and What to Expect
Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2015; 36: 786-795DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1562903Voriconazole is an important agent in the antifungal armamentarium. It is the treatment of choice for invasive aspergillosis, other hyaline molds, and many brown-black molds. It is also effective for infections caused by Candida species, including those that are fluconazole resistant, and for infections caused by the endemic mycoses, including those that occur in the central nervous system. It has the advantage of being available in both an intravenous and an oral formulation that is well absorbed. Drawbacks to the use of voriconazole are that it has un...
Source: Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine - September 23, 2015 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Malani, Anurag N.Kerr, Lisa E.Kauffman, Carol A. Source Type: research