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Downregulating aberrant motor evoked potential synergies of the lower extremity post stroke during TMS of the contralesional hemisphere
• Novel multi-muscle magnetic stimulation paradigm used to evaluate abnormal muscle synergies• Targeted inhibition of stroke specific synergy during contralesional hemisphere stimulation• Short latency motor evoked potentials across muscles imply direct lower limb ipsilateral pathways• Clarify differences between contralesional hemisphere contributions to upper and lower limbs• Insight into contralesional hemisphere reorganization and lower limb recovery post stroke
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - February 1, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Andrew Q Tan, Jon Shemmell, Yasin Y Dhaher Source Type: research

Transcranial Direct Current stimulation of the Leg Motor Cortex Enhances Coordinated Motor Output during Walking with a Large Inter-Individual Variability.
• tDCS can enhance the coordinated motor output during walking in healthy subjects, but there is large inter-individual variability in response• Dual-hemispheric tDCS tends to have a larger effect on the coordinated motor output than uni-hemisperic tDCS.• tDCS did not result in improved coordinated motor output in the paretic leg of chronic stroke survivors.
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - October 7, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Edwin H.F. van Asseldonk, Tjitske A. Boonstra Source Type: research

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Post-Stroke Upper Extremity Motor Recovery Studies Exhibit a Dose-Response Relationship
• Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) shows dose-dependent effect in post-stroke motor recovery.• Meta-analysis of 8 studies that administered ≥5 sessions of tDCS therapy and used Fugl-Meyer Upper Extremity scale (FM-UE) as an outcome measure shows that tDCS offers a large post-stroke motor recovery effect size in subjects with chronic stroke when compared with acute stroke.• Bihemispheric montage with anode on ipsilesional side and cathode on contralesional side also seems to offer a large effect size in post-stroke motor recovery.
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - September 7, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Pratik Y. Chhatbar, Viswanathan Ramakrishnan, Steven Kautz, Mark S. George, Robert J. Adams, Wuwei Feng Source Type: research

Modulation of cortical motor evoked potential after stroke during electrical stimulation of the lateral cerebellar nucleus
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) targeting the dentato-thalamo-cortical (DTC) pathway at its origin in the lateral cerebellar nucleus (LCN) has been shown to enhance motor recovery in a rodent model of cortical ischemia. LCN DBS also yielded frequency specific changes in motor cortex excitability in the normal brain, indexed by motor evoked potential (MEP) amplitude.
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - July 8, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Hyun-Joo Park, Havan Furmaga, Jessica Cooperrider, John T. Gale, Kenneth B. Baker, Andre G. Machado Source Type: research

Use of computational modeling to inform tDCS electrode montages for the promotion of language recovery in post-stroke aphasia
Although pilot trials of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in aphasia are encouraging, protocol optimization is needed. Notably, it has not yet been clarified which of the varied electrode montages investigated is the most effective in enhancing language recovery.
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - July 2, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Elizabeth E. Galletta, Andrea Cancelli, Carlo Cottone, Ilaria Simonelli, Franca Tecchio, Marom Bikson, Paola Marangolo Source Type: research

Primary motor cortex excitability during recovery after stroke: implications for neuromodulation
Non-invasive brain stimulation techniques may be useful adjuvants to promote recovery after stroke. They are typically used to facilitate ipsilesional cortical excitability directly, or indirectly by suppressing contralesional cortical excitability and reducing interhemispheric inhibition from the contralesional to ipsilesional hemisphere. However, most of the evidence for this approach comes from studies of patients at the chronic stage of recovery.
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - June 30, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Cathy M. Stinear, Matthew A. Petoe, Winston D. Byblow Source Type: research

A Comparison of Primed Low-Frequency Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Treatments In Chronic Stroke
Preceding low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) with a bout of high-frequency rTMS called priming potentiates the after-effects of the former in healthy adults. The utility of primed rTMS in stroke remains under-explored despite its theoretical benefits in enhancing cortical excitability and motor function.
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - June 22, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Jessica M. Cassidy, Haitao Chu, David C. Anderson, Linda E. Krach, LeAnn Snow, Teresa Kimberley, James R. Carey Source Type: research

The effectiveness of 1Hz rTMS over the primary motor area of the unaffected hemisphere to improve hand function after stroke depends on hemispheric dominance
Motor recovery of the affected upper limb after stroke is determined by dominance of the affected hemisphere. Stroke of the dominant hemisphere is associated with per se poorer improvement of the affected hand. 1Hz rTMS over the contralesional M1 significantly improves dexterity of the affected hand in patients with stroke of the dominant hemisphere, but not in those with stroke of the non-dominant hemisphere.
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - March 17, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Jitka Lüdemann-Podubecká, Kathrin Bösl, Steven Theilig, Ralf Wiederer, Dennis Alexander Nowak Source Type: research

Simple Partial Status Epilepticus One-Day Post Single-Pulse TMS to the Affected Hemisphere in a Participant with Chronic Stroke
We report a TMS-related seizure. A 51-year-old man 8 months post superior sagittal vein thrombosis reported “twitching” in his affected arm, leg, and face one day after participating in a TMS trial. The day prior to the seizure event, the patient received 70 trials of single pulse TMS over the unaffected hemisphere primary motor cortex and double-pulse stimulation applied first over dorsal premotor cortex of the affected hemisphere (80 trials) and then over primary motor cortex of the affected hemisphere (70 trials).
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - March 14, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Rachael M. Harrington, Evan Chan, Peter E. Turkeltaub, Alexander W. Dromerick, Michelle L. Harris-Love Source Type: research

Enhancement of cortical excitability and lower limb motor function in patients with stroke by transcranial direct current stimulation
Motor dysfunction in the lower limbs is a common sequela in stroke patients.
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - January 30, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Min Cheol Chang, Dae Yul Kim, Dae Hwan Park Source Type: research

Enhanced motor function and neurophysiological correlates with navigated low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation over the contralesional motor cortex in stroke
The net effect of altered interhemispheric interactions between homologous motor cortical areas after unilateral stroke, has been previously shown to contribute to residual hemiparesis. Using this framework, we hypothesized that navigated 1 Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) over the unaffected hemisphere would induce a stronger response in patients with residual motor deficit than in healthy subjects, because an imbalance in inter-hemipsheric excitability may underlie motor dysfunction.
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - January 29, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Shahid Bashir, Marine Vernet, Umer Najib, Jennifer Perez, Miguel Alonso-Alonso, Mark Knobel, Woo- Kyoung Yoo, Dylan Edwards, Alvaro Pascual-Leone Source Type: research

Electroencephalography - Near-infrared spectroscopy based assessment of neurovascular effects under transcranial direct current stimulation - a stroke case series
*Research is supported by Franco-Indian INRIA-DST Associate Team support 2014-2017.
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - January 29, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: A. Dutta, S. Roy Chowdhury, A. Das Source Type: research

Does Vascular Endothelial Growth factor(VEGF) expression in combination with Physiotherapy with/without repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) play the role in acute stroke recovery?
This project has been supported by Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - January 29, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Hina Sharma, M.V. Padma Srivastava, Rohit Bhatia, Nand Kumar, Rajeshwari Moganty Source Type: research

Navigated repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in stroke rehabilitation (randomize double-blind sham-controlled study)
Stroke is one of the most disabling diseases of the nervous system. The navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS) allows to evaluate the individual anatomy of each patient's brain and to repeat stimulation specifically and locally, based on the individual patient’s MRI scans, That can improve effect on motor function in post-stroke rehabilitation.
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - January 29, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: A.V. Chervyakov, A.G. Poydasheva, M.A. Nazarova, E.A. Zmeykina, N.A. Suponeva, V.V. Gnezditsky, L.A. Chernikova, M.A. Piradov Source Type: research

Is the contralesional hemisphere a suitable target for noninvasive brain stimulation after stroke?
Stroke is the leading cause of adult disability and there are no treatments that can repair neural damage that results from stroke. Functional recovery for many patients is modest and therefore adjuvants to traditional therapies are urgently required. This talk will revisit the use of non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) as a potential adjuvant for stroke rehabilitation, which is well documented in clinical neurophysiological research, but not routinely used in clinical practice. One tenet is that functional restoration may be enhanced using techniques that increase excitability in the hemisphere in which the lesion has o...
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - January 29, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Winston D. Byblow, Cathy M. Stinear Source Type: research

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