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Source: Neurochemical Research

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Total 300 results found since Jan 2013.

S-oxiracetam Facilitates Cognitive Restoration after Ischemic Stroke by Activating α7nAChR and the PI3K-Mediated Pathway.
In conclusion, α7nAChR and PI3K are key molecules that mediated the signaling pathway leading to S-ORC-induced cognitive restoration after MCAO/R. PMID: 33481205 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Neurochemical Research - January 22, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Fan W, Zhang Y, Li X, Xu C Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

Hyperbaric Oxygen Preconditioning Protects Against Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Inhibiting Mitochondrial Apoptosis and Energy Metabolism Disturbance.
Abstract Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy is considered a safe and feasible method that to provide neuroprotection against ischemic stroke. However, the therapy mechanisms of HBO have not been fully elucidated. We hypothesized that the mechanism underlying the protective effect of HBO preconditioning (HBO-PC) against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury was related to inhibition of mitochondrial apoptosis and energy metabolism disorder. To test this hypothesis, an ischemic stroke model was established by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in rats. HBO-PC involved five consecutive days of pretreatment before MC...
Source: Neurochemical Research - January 16, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Wang SD, Fu YY, Han XY, Yong ZJ, Li Q, Hu Z, Liu ZG Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

Knockdown of RMST Impedes Neuronal Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in OGD/R-Induced Ischemic Stroke Via Depending on the miR-377/SEMA3A Signal Network.
Abstract Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have pivotal roles in regulating ischemic stroke (IS), including lncRNA rhabdomyosarcoma 2-associated transcript (RMST). The purpose of this report is to discover the functional mechanism of RMST. The expression detection of RMST, microRNA-377 (miR-377) and Semaphorin 3A (SEMA3A) was performed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Oxygen and glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) in N2a cells was used to mimic IS environment in vitro. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and flow cytometry were implemented to assess cell viability and apoptosis. Oxidative st...
Source: Neurochemical Research - January 6, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Zhao L, Zhang M, Yan F, Cong Y Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

Salidroside Inhibits Reactive Astrogliosis and Glial Scar Formation in Late Cerebral Ischemia via the Akt/GSK-3 β Pathway.
In this study, male adult C57/BL6 mice were subjected to transient cerebral ischemia injury followed by intravenous salidroside treatment. Primary astrocytes were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or conditioned medium from cultured primary neurons subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation (CM-OGD). Salidroside significantly improved long-term functional outcomes following ischemic stroke in the rotarod and corner tests. It also reduced brain glial scar volume and decreased expression of the glial scar marker, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and inhibited astrocyte proliferation. In primary astrocyte cultures, sal...
Source: Neurochemical Research - January 3, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Dong C, Wen S, Zhao S, Sun S, Zhao S, Dong W, Han P, Chen Q, Gong T, Chen W, Liu W, Liu X Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

Protective Effects of 28-O-Caffeoyl Betulin (B-CA) on the Cerebral Cortex of Ischemic Rats Revealed by a NMR-Based Metabolomics Analysis.
Abstract 28-O-caffeoyl betulin (B-CA) has been demonstrated to reduce the cerebral infarct volume caused by transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) injury. B-CA is a novel derivative of naturally occurring caffeoyl triterpene with little information associated with its pharmacological target(s). To date no data is available regarding the effect of B-CA on brain metabolism. In the present study, a 1H-NMR-based metabolomics approach was applied to investigate the therapeutic effects of B-CA on brain metabolism following MCAO in rats. Global metabolic profiles of the cortex in acute period (9 h after focal...
Source: Neurochemical Research - January 3, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Liu X, Ruan Z, Shao XC, Feng HX, Wu L, Wang W, Wang HM, Mu HY, Zhang RJ, Zhao WM, Zhang HY, Zhang NX Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

High-Frequency rTMS Improves Cognitive Function by Regulating Synaptic Plasticity in Cerebral Ischemic Rats.
Abstract Poststroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) is one of the most severe sequelae of stroke and lacks effective treatment. Previous studies have shown that high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) may be a promising PSCI therapeutic approach, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. To uncover the effect of rTMS on PSCI, a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) model was established. Modified Neurological Severity Score (mNSS) test and Morris Water Maze (MWM) test were performed to assess the neurological and cognitive function of rats. Furthermore, to explore the underlying ...
Source: Neurochemical Research - November 2, 2020 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Hong J, Chen J, Li C, An D, Tang Z, Wen H Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

CTRP3 Activates the AMPK/SIRT1-PGC-1 α Pathway to Protect Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Functions in Cerebral Ischemic Stroke.
This study aimed to clarify the underlying mechanism of how CTRP3 regulated mitochondrial functions in hippocampal neuronal cells (HPPNCs) after oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)/reoxygenation (R) treatment. Results showed that impeded CTRP3 expression and weakened viability were detected in OGD/R treated HPPNCs. CTRP3 showed its ability to enhance the viability and inhibited apoptosis of HPPNCs after OGD/R treatment and it could also promote the mitochondrial biogenesis and physiological functions. Silencing of PGC-1α partially abolished the protective function of CTRP3 on mitochondria and CTRP3 mediated the expression of...
Source: Neurochemical Research - October 23, 2020 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Gao J, Qian T, Wang W Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

Protective Mechanism and Treatment of Neurogenesis in Cerebral Ischemia.
This article reviews several possible mechanisms of stroke and neurogenesis and introduces novel neurogenic agents (fibroblast growth factors, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, purine nucleosides, resveratrol, S-nitrosoglutathione, osteopontin, etc.) as well as other treatments that have shown neuroprotective or neurogenesis-promoting effects. PMID: 32794152 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Neurochemical Research - August 12, 2020 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Li W, Ye A, Ao L, Zhou L, Yan Y, Hu Y, Fang W, Li Y Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

Guanosine Neuroprotective Action in Hippocampal Slices Subjected to Oxygen and Glucose Deprivation Restores ATP Levels, Lactate Release and Glutamate Uptake Impairment: Involvement of Nitric Oxide.
This study was designed to investigate the involvement of nitric oxide (NO) in the mechanisms related to the protective role of guanosine in rat hippocampal slices subjected to OGD followed by reoxygenation (OGD/R). Guanosine (100 μM) and the pan-NOS inhibitor, L-NAME (1 mM) afforded protection to hippocampal slices subjected to OGD/R. The presence of NO donors, DETA-NO (800 μM) or SNP (5 μM) increased reactive species production, and abolished the protective effect of guanosine or L-NAME against OGD/R. Guanosine or L-NAME treatment prevented the impaired ATP production, lactate release, and glutamate uptake followi...
Source: Neurochemical Research - July 13, 2020 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Thomaz DT, Andreguetti RR, Binder LB, Scheffer DDL, Corrêa AW, Silva FRMB, Tasca CI Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

LncRNA MALAT1 Promotes OGD-Induced Apoptosis of Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells by Sponging miR-126 to Repress PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway.
This study aimed to investigate the role of MALAT1 in IS in vitro model and the related molecular mechanisms. The expressions of MALAT1 and miR-126 were detected by qPCR. The in vitro IS model was established by treating BMECs with oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). Cell viability and cell apoptosis were assessed by MTT assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Luciferase assay was conducted to examine the interplay between MALAT1 and miR-126. Western blotting was used to determine the protein levels of apoptosis-associated proteins (e.g. caspase 3, Bax and Bcl-2) and PI3K/Akt pathway-related proteins (e.g. PI3K, Akt, p-PI3K,...
Source: Neurochemical Research - June 25, 2020 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Zhang L, Yang H, Li WJ, Liu YH Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

A Critical Role for ISGylation, Ubiquitination and, SUMOylation in Brain Damage: Implications for Neuroprotection.
Abstract Post-translational modification (PTMs) of proteins by ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like modifiers such as interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) and small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) play a critical role in the regulation of brain pathophysiology. Protein ISGylation is a covalent attachment of ISG15 to its target proteins, which is a unique PTM among other ubiquitin-like modifiers. Although, ISG15 shares sequence homology to ubiquitin, yet the functional significance of protein ISGylation is distinct from ubiquitination and SUMOylation. Further, ISG15 highly conserved among vertebrate species, unlike the ...
Source: Neurochemical Research - June 3, 2020 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Nakka VP, Mohammed AQ Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

Effects of Diclofenac Versus Meloxicam in Pentylenetetrazol-Kindled Mice.
Abstract Epilepsy comes after stroke as the most common chronic neurological disorder worldwide. Inflammation enhances neuronal hyperexcitability that could provide a background setting for the development of epilepsy. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of valproate (VAL), diclofenac (DIC), meloxicam (MEL), VAL + MEL and VAL + DIC in pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) kindled mice. Seventy mice were randomly allocated into 7 equal groups; Control, PTZ, VAL, DIC, MEL, VAL + MEL and VAL + DIC groups. Kindling was induced by PTZ (40 mg/kg, i.p.) injection every other day for 17 days. The drugs were...
Source: Neurochemical Research - May 12, 2020 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Elgarhi R, Shehata MM, Abdelsameea AA, Salem AE Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

Refocusing the Brain: New Approaches in Neuroprotection Against Ischemic Injury.
Abstract A new era for neuroprotective strategies is emerging in ischemia/reperfusion. This has forced to review the studies existing to date based in neuroprotection against oxidative stress, which have undoubtedly contributed to clarify the brain endogenous mechanisms, as well as to identify possible therapeutic targets or biomarkers in stroke and other neurological diseases. The efficacy of exogenous administration of neuroprotective compounds has been shown in different studies so far. However, something must be missing to get these treatments successfully applied in the clinical environment. Here, the mechani...
Source: Neurochemical Research - March 17, 2020 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Rodriguez C, Agulla J, Delgado-Esteban M Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

Assessment of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) toxicity in cultured neural cells and subsequent treatment with poly-arginine peptide R18D.
Abstract Thrombolytic therapy with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) in ischaemic stroke has been associated with neurotoxicity, blood brain barrier (BBB) disruption and intra-cerebral hemorrhage. To examine rtPA cellular toxicity we investigated the effects of rtPA on cell viability in neuronal, astrocyte and brain endothelial cell (bEnd.3) cultures with and without prior exposure to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). In addition, the neuroprotective peptide poly-arginine-18 (R18D; 18-mer of D-arginine) was examined for its ability to reduce rtPA toxicity. Studies demonstrated that a 4- or 24-h expos...
Source: Neurochemical Research - March 4, 2020 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Kenna JE, Anderton RS, Knuckey NW, Meloni BP Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

Attenuation of Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage-Induced Microglial Activation and Neuronal Death Mediated by the Blockade of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 5 In Vivo.
In this study, collagenase-induced ICH mice received a single intraperitoneal injection of the mGluR5 antagonist-, MTEP, or vehicle 2 h after injury. We found that acute ICH upregulated mGluR5 and microglial activation. mGluR5 was highly localized in reactive microglia in the peri-hematomal cortex and striatum on days 3 and 7 post-ICH. The MTEP-mediated pharmacological inhibition of mGluR5 in vivo resulted in the substantial attenuation of acute microglial activation and IL-6, and TNF-α release. We also showed that the blockade of mGluR5 markedly reduced cell apoptosis, and neurodegeneration and markedly elevated neuropr...
Source: Neurochemical Research - March 4, 2020 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Rahman MS, Yang J, Luan Y, Qiu Z, Zhang J, Lu H, Chen X, Liu Y Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research