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Source: American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology
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Total 253 results found since Jan 2013.
A comparison of passive hind-limb cycling and active upper-limb exercise provides new insights into systolic dysfunction following spinal cord injury.
CONCLUSION: PHLC improves flow-derived cardiac indices whereas SWIM displayed no cardio-beneficial effect. Pressure-derived deficits were corrected only with Dobutamine, suggesting reduced beta-adrenergic stimulation is principally responsible for the impaired cardiac contractile function after SCI.
PMID: 28710067 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology - July 14, 2017 Category: Physiology Authors: DeVeau KM, Harman KA, Squair JW, Krassioukov AV, Magnuson D, West CR Tags: Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol Source Type: research
Sex Differences in Vascular Physiology and Pathophysiology: Estrogen and Androgen Signaling in Health and Disease.
Abstract
Sex differences between women and men are often overlooked and underappreciated when studying the cardiovascular system. It has been long assumed that men and women are physiologically similar, and this notion has resulted in females being clinically evaluated and treated for cardiovascular pathophysiological complications as males. Currently, there is increased recognition of fundamental sex differences in cardiovascular function, anatomy, cell signaling, and pathophysiology. NIH has enacted guidelines expressly to gain knowledge about ways the sexes differ in both normal function and diseases at the var...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology - June 16, 2017 Category: Physiology Authors: Boese AC, Kim SC, Yin KJ, Lee JP, Hamblin MH Tags: Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol Source Type: research
Relative Contributions from the Ventricle and Arterial Tree to Arterial Pressure and its Amplification: An Experimental Study.
This study offers the first comprehensive investigation of contributors to hypertensive pressure, and its propagation throughout the arterial tree. Importantly, ventricular inotropy plays a crucial role in the amplification of peripheral pressure wave, which offers opportunity for non-invasive assessment of ventricular health.
PMID: 28576835 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology - June 2, 2017 Category: Physiology Authors: Gaddum NR, Alastruey J, Chowienczyk P, Rutten MCM, Segers P, Schaeffter T Tags: Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol Source Type: research
Experimental Cardiac Radiation Exposure Induces Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction with Preserved Ejection Fraction.
CONCLUSION: Experimental cardiac radiation exposure resulted in diastolic dysfunction without reduced EF. These data provide insight into the association between cardiac radiation exposure and HFpEF risk and lend further support for the importance of inflammation related coronary microvascular compromise in HFpEF.
PMID: 28550173 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology - May 26, 2017 Category: Physiology Authors: Saiki H, Moulay G, Guenzel AJ, Liu W, Decklever T, Classic K, Pham L, Chen HH, Burnett JC, Russell SJ, Redfield MM Tags: Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol Source Type: research
Smooth muscle cell-specific deletion of Col15a1 unexpectedly leads to impaired development of advanced atherosclerotic lesions.
Abstract
Atherosclerotic plaque rupture with subsequent embolic events is a major cause of sudden death from myocardial infarction or stroke. Although smooth muscle cells (SMC) produce and respond to collagens in vitro, there is no direct evidence in vivo that SMC are a crucial source of collagens and that this impacts lesion development or fibrous cap formation. We sought to determine how conditional SMC specific knockout of collagen type XV (COL15A1) in SMC lineage tracing mice affects advanced lesion formation given: 1) we previously identified a Col15a1 sequence variant associated with age related atherosclero...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology - March 9, 2017 Category: Physiology Authors: Durgin BG, Cherepanova OA, Gomez D, Karaoli T, Alencar GF, Butcher JT, Zhou YQ, Bendeck MP, Isakson BE, Owens GK, Connelly JJ Tags: Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol Source Type: research
Dendritic Cells and Isolevuglandins in Immunity, Inflammation and Hypertension.
Abstract
Hypertension is the major risk factor for morbidity and mortality from myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure, and chronic kidney disease. Despite its importance, the pathogenesis of essential hypertension is poorly understood. During the past several years, it has become evident that T cells contribute to hypertension. Activated T cells accumulate in the perivascular space and the kidney and release cytokines which promote vascular dysfunction and end organ damage. Although dendritic cells play a pivotal role in initiating adaptive immune responses, T cells have taken center stage in studies implic...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology - December 15, 2016 Category: Physiology Authors: Dixon KB, Davies SS, Kirabo A Tags: Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol Source Type: research
Hyperaldosteronism induces left atrial systolic and diastolic dysfunction.
Abstract
Patients with hypertension and hyperaldosteronism show an increased risk of stroke compared to patients with essential hypertension. Aim of the study was to assess the effects of aldosterone on left atrial function in rats as a potential contributor to thromboembolism. Osmotic mini-pumps delivering 1.5μg aldosterone/h were implanted in rats subcutaneously (Aldo, n=39, controls n=38). After 8 weeks left ventricular pressure- volume analysis of isolated working hearts was performed and left atrial systolic and diastolic function was also assessed by atrial pressure-diameter loops. Moreover, left atrial myo...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology - September 8, 2016 Category: Physiology Authors: Reil JC, Tauchnitz M, Tian Q, Hohl M, Linz D, Oberhofer M, Kaestner L, Reil GH, Thiele H, Steendijk P, Böhm M, Neuberger HR, Lipp P Tags: Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol Source Type: research
Ivabradine and metoprolol differentially affect cardiac glucose metabolism despite similar heart rate reduction in a mouse model of dyslipidemia.
This study aimed at testing whether similar HRR with ivabradine vs. metoprolol differentially modulates cardiac energy substrate metabolism, a factor determinant for cardiac function, in a mouse model of dyslipidemia (hApoB(+/+);LDLR(-/-)). Following a longitudinal study design, we used 3- and 6-month-old mice, untreated or treated for 3 months with ivabradine or metoprolol. Cardiac function was evaluated in vivo, and ex vivo in working hearts perfused with (13)C-labeled substrates to assess substrate fluxes through energy metabolic pathways. Compared to 3-month-old, 6-month-old dyslipidemic mice had similar cardiac hemody...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology - August 4, 2016 Category: Physiology Authors: Vaillant F, Lauzier B, Ruiz M, Shi Y, Lachance D, Rivard ME, Bolduc V, Thorin E, Tardif JC, Des Rosiers C Tags: Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol Source Type: research
Right ventricular end-diastolic stiffness heralds right ventricular failure in monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension.
Abstract
Recent studies suggest right ventricular (RV) stiffness is important in pulmonary hypertension (PH) prognosis. Smaller stroke volume (SV) variation after a certain RV end-diastolic pressure (EDP) respiratory variation as assessed by spectral transfer function (STF) may identify RV stiffness. Our aim was to evaluate RV stiffness in monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PH progression and to validate STF gain between EDP and SV as marker of stiffness. Seven-week old male Wistar rats randomly injected with 60mg.Kg(-1) MCT or vehicle were divided into 3 groups (n=12 each) according to cardiac index (CI): controls (Ctrl...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology - July 28, 2016 Category: Physiology Authors: Alaa M, Abdellatif M, Tavares-Silva M, Oliveira-Pinto J, Lopes L, Leite S, Leite-Moreira AF, Lourenço AP Tags: Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol Source Type: research
Right ventricular metabolic adaptations to high-intensity interval and moderate-intensity continuous training in healthy middle-aged men.
CONCLUSIONS: Only two weeks of physical training in previously sedentary subjects induces changes in RV glucose metabolism, volumes, and ejection fraction, which precede exercise-induced hypertrophy of RV.
PMID: 27448554 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology - July 21, 2016 Category: Physiology Authors: Heiskanen MA, Leskinen T, Heinonen I, Löyttyniemi E, Eskelinen JJ, Virtanen K, Hannukainen JC, Kalliokoski KK Tags: Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol Source Type: research
Chronic Vagal Nerve Stimulation Prevents High-Salt Diet-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction and Aortic Stiffening in Stroke-Prone Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats.
In conclusion, chronic VNS prevents hypertension-induced endothelial dysfunction and aortic stiffening in an animal model of severe hypertension. We speculate that anti-inflammatory mechanisms may contribute to these effects.
PMID: 27208157 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology - May 19, 2016 Category: Physiology Authors: Chapleau MW, Rotella DL, Reho JJ, Rahmouni K, Stauss HM Tags: Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol Source Type: research
Females have greater left ventricular twist mechanics than males during acute reductions to preload.
Conclusions- Females have larger LV twist and a faster untwisting velocity than males during large reductions to preload, supporting that females have a greater reliance on LV twist mechanics to maintain SV during severe reductions to preload.
PMID: 27199112 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology - May 12, 2016 Category: Physiology Authors: Williams AM, Shave RE, Stembridge M, Eves ND Tags: Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol Source Type: research
Chronic plus binge ethanol feeding induces myocardial oxidative stress, mitochondrial and cardiovascular dysfunction and steatosis.
Abstract
Alcoholic cardiomyopathy in humans develops in response to chronic excessive alcohol consumption, however good models of alcohol-induced cardiomyopathy in mice are lacking. Herein we describe mouse models of alcoholic cardiomyopathies induced by chronic and binge ethanol (EtOH)-feeding and characterize detailed hemodynamic alterations, mitochondrial function and redox signaling in these models. Mice were fed a liquid diet containing 5% EtOH for 10, 20, 40 days (d) combined with single/ or multiple EtOH-binges (5g/kg BW). Isocalorically pair-fed mice served as controls. Left ventricular (LV) function and m...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology - April 21, 2016 Category: Physiology Authors: Mátyás C, Varga ZV, Mukhopadhyay P, Paloczi J, Lajtos T, Erdelyi K, Nemeth BT, Nan M, Hasko G, Gao B, Pacher P Tags: Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol Source Type: research
Context-Dependent Effects of SOCS3 in Angiotensin II-Induced Vascular Dysfunction and Hypertension in Mice: Mechanisms and Role of Bone Marrow-Derived Cells.
We examined direct effects of Ang II on carotid arteries from SOCS3 deficient (SOCS3+/-) mice and wild-type (WT) littermates using organ culture, followed by testing endothelial function with acetylcholine (Ach). A low concentration of Ang II (1 nmol/L) did not affect Ach-induced vasodilation in WT, but reduced that of SOCS3+/- mice by ~50% (P<0.05). In relation to mechanisms, effects of Ang II in SOCS3+/- mice were prevented by inhibitors of STAT3, IL-6, NF-κB or superoxide. Systemic Ang II (1.4 mg/kg per day for 14 d) also reduced vasodilation to Ach in WT. Surprisingly, SOCS3 deficiency prevented most of the endothe...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology - April 21, 2016 Category: Physiology Authors: Li Y, Kinzenbaw DA, Modrick ML, Pewe LL, Faraci FM Tags: Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol Source Type: research
The influence of acute unloading on left ventricular strain and strain rate by speckle tracking echocardiography in a porcine model.
In conclusion, speckle tracking echocardiography derived strain rate is more robust to dynamic ventricular unloading than strain. Longitudinal and circumferential strain could not predict load independent contractility. Strain rates, and especially in the radial direction, are good predictors of preload-independent inotropic markers derived from conductance catheter.
PMID: 26968547 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology - March 11, 2016 Category: Physiology Authors: Dahle GO, Stangeland L, Moen CA, Salminen PR, Haaverstad R, Matre K, Grong K Tags: Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol Source Type: research
