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Viral protein R polymorphisms in the pathogenesis of HIV-associated acute ischaemic stroke: a case –control study
AbstractHIV-1 viral proteins have been implicated in endothelial dysfunction, which is a major determinant of ischaemic stroke risk in HIV-infected individuals. Polymorphisms in HIV-1 viral protein R (Vpr) may alter its potential to promote endothelial dysfunction, by modifying its effects on viral replication, reactivation of latent cells, upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and infection of macrophages. We analysed Vpr polymorphisms and their association with acute ischaemic stroke by comparing Vpr signature amino acids between 54 HIV-infected individuals with acute ischaemic stroke, and 80 age-matched HIV-infecte...
Source: Journal of NeuroVirology - January 18, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Stroke risk after varicella-zoster virus infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis
In conclusion, the risk of stroke increases after VZV infection, decreasing over time. Po st-infection vascular inflammatory changes often occur in the middle cerebral artery and its branches, with a better prognosis in most patients and less frequent persistent progression.
Source: Journal of NeuroVirology - May 23, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Stroke in HIV-infected African Americans: a retrospective cohort study
Abstract The risk of having a first stroke is nearly twice as high among African Americans compared to Caucasians. HIV/AIDS is an independent risk factor for stroke. Our study aimed to report the risk factors and short-term clinical outcomes of African Americans with HIV infection and new-onset stroke admitted at the Johns Hopkins Hospitals (2000–2012). Multivariate linear regression was used to examine the association between potential predictors and odds of an unfavorable outcome, defined as a higher modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score on hospital discharge. African Americans comprised 105/125 (84 %) of HIV-inf...
Source: Journal of NeuroVirology - July 9, 2015 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Herpes simplex virus 2 vasculitis as cause of ischemic stroke in a young immunocompromised patient
We report a case of a young woman with a left middle cerebral artery (MCA) ischemic stroke. The patient had history of HIV-1 infection, with periods of therapeutic non-compliance. Initial computed tomography (CT) imaging studies showed stenosis of the M1 segment of the left MCA, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) confirmed infarction of the MCA territory. Serial transcranial Doppler ultrasound revealed progressive occlusion of the MCA and stenosis of the left anterior cerebral artery. Systemic investigation for other causes of stroke was normal. Lumbar puncture revealed a mildly inflammatory cerebrospinal fluid, and HSV-...
Source: Journal of NeuroVirology - August 23, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

HIV-associated multiple intracranial aneurysms and stroke in an adult patient: successful treatment with a combination of glucocorticoid and antiviral agents
AbstractA 35-year-old Iranian man with an 18-year history of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection developed sudden left-sided hemiparesis and mild dysarthria. Based on laboratory results, brain and neck computerized tomography angiography (CTA), echocardiography, hypercoagulability tests, and vasculitis tests, the patient was diagnosed with a stroke with multiple intracranial aneurysms secondary to HIV. Cerebral aneurysms and stroke are uncommon in HIV-infected patients, and the aneurysms ’ exact cause and risk factors are unknown. There is currently no effective regimen or definitive treatment for HIV-associated...
Source: Journal of NeuroVirology - December 13, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

A case of ischemic stroke secondary to varicella-zoster virus meningoencephalitis
AbstractVaricella-zoster virus (VZV) lurks in cranial nerves and other brain ganglias after infection. Because middle cerebral artery (MCA) receives the ipsilateral trigeminal ganglia afferent innervations, the reactivated VZV infects the adventitia and intima of cerebral artery wall probably through this way and causes vascular inflammation, finally resulting in artery remodeling, vessel occlusion, and ischemia. In fact, there is a growing clinical recognition that there is an association between VZV reactivation and subsequent stroke. Here, we showed a case of ischemic stroke secondary to varicella-zoster virus meningoen...
Source: Journal of NeuroVirology - March 11, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Neurological injuries in COVID-19 patients: direct viral invasion or a bystander injury after infection of epithelial/endothelial cells
AbstractA subset of patients withcoronavirus 2 disease (COVID-19) experience neurological complications. These complications include loss of sense of taste and smell, stroke, delirium, and neuromuscular signs and symptoms. The etiological agent of COVID-19 isSARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), an RNA virus with a glycoprotein-studded viral envelope that uses ACE2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2) as a functional receptor for infecting the host cells. Thus, the interaction of the envelope spike proteins with ACE2 on host cells determines the tropism and virulence ofSARS-CoV-2. Loss of sense of tast...
Source: Journal of NeuroVirology - September 1, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Elevated serum substance P during simian varicella virus infection in rhesus macaques: implications for chronic inflammation and adverse cerebrovascular events
AbstractVaricella and zoster, produced by varicella-zoster virus (VZV), are associated with an increased risk of stroke that may be due to persistent inflammation and hypercoagulability. Because substance P is associated with inflammation, hypercoagulability, and atherosclerotic plaque rupture that may contribute to increased stroke risk after VZV infection, we measured serum substance P in simian varicella virus –infected rhesus macaques. We found significantly increased and persistent serum substance P concentrations during varicella and zoster compared with pre-inoculation, supporting the hypothesis that VZV-induced i...
Source: Journal of NeuroVirology - September 21, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Disseminated cutaneous herpes zoster and multiple cerebral infarcts in an adult with diabetes mellitus
We present the case of a patient with a medical history of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) who experienced disseminated cutaneous VZV infection followed by multiple cerebral infarcts associated with VZV vasculopathy. Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed multiple hyperintense lesions over the bilateral deep white matter and basal ganglia. A skin biopsy revealed small-vessel leukocytoclastic vasculitis with neutrophilic, lymphocytic, and eosinophilic infiltration. This case report describes the rare finding of cutaneous leukocytoclastic vasculitis in VZV infection and highlights that VZV infection is an uncommon but criti...
Source: Journal of NeuroVirology - January 14, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Artery of Percheron infarction associated with COVID-19 in the young adult
We presented the case of a young adult patient with infarction in the artery of Percheron territory as a presenting feature of COVID-19. Artery of Percheron infarction is a neurodiagnostic challenge in emergency during COVID-19 pandemic.
Source: Journal of NeuroVirology - November 4, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Multiple strokes associated with herpes simplex virus type-2 infection: case report
Abstract Herpes simplex virus (HSV) type-2 is known to cause meningitis and usually runs a benign course. Association of such infection with vasculitis of the central nervous system is not well known. Presented here is a case initially diagnosed as aseptic meningitis that subsequently evolved as stroke and exhibited angiographic evidence of widespread vasculitis of the intracranial vessels in association with a positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for HSV-2 in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
Source: Journal of NeuroVirology - October 6, 2015 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Risk of intracerebral hemorrhage in HIV/AIDS: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Abstract Evidence for the association and the increased risk of stroke with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is growing. Recent studies have reported on HIV infection as a potent risk factor for intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). We used the pooled results from case–control studies to conduct a systematic review and a meta-analysis in order to evaluate the risk of ICH with HIV/AIDS. Our systematic review and meta-analysis was based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses algorithm of all available case–control studies that reported on the...
Source: Journal of NeuroVirology - April 3, 2016 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Parvovirus B19 infection associated with hemolytic anemia and cranial polyneuropathy
AbstractParvovirus B19 (PB19) is a common, widespread, small, single-stranded DNA virus which has been linked with a broad spectrum of clinical illnesses, including a variety of neurological complications such as encephalitis, meningitis, myelitis, stroke, cerebellar ataxia, and neuropathy. The authors describe a case of PB19 infection associated with hemolytic anemia and cranial polyneuropathy involving the second and third cranial nerves in a 23-year-old immunocompetent woman. The diagnosis of acute PB19 infection was established with detection of positive DNA and anti-PB19 IgM antibodies in blood samples. Antigangliosid...
Source: Journal of NeuroVirology - August 22, 2017 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Cerebrovascular events after herpes zoster infection: a risk that should be not underestimated
AbstractThe occurrence of a cerebrovascular event after a herpes zoster (HZ) infection represents a nightmare in clinical practice, especially in those patients with concomitant cardiovascular comorbidities/risk factors and disease related per se to a higher risk of zoster infection. Moreover, the absence of a consensus opinion regarding a specific and adequate prevention of cerebrovascular events in these patients further complicates the treatment. Accumulating evidences demonstrated that HZ and HZ ophtalmicus (HZO) increase the risk of cerebrovascular events in the short-and long-term periods. Moreover, patient ’s ages...
Source: Journal of NeuroVirology - May 7, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

A 41-year-old female with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy after liver transplant
We report a patient who received liver transplantation due to liver failure resulting from autoimmune hepatitis and advanced PML presenting with aphasia. A 41-year-old female with a history of liver transplantation who received a usual immunosuppression regimen was admitted with a stroke attack resulting in right hemiplegia 2  months after liver transplantation. Surprisingly, she gradually developed dysarthria and left central facial paresis. A brain MRI showed an abnormal multifocal area with a high T2/flair signal in the deep subcortical white matter of the left hemisphere as well as the splenium of the corpus callosu m...
Source: Journal of NeuroVirology - May 27, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

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