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Sarcopenia in cirrhosis: Prospects for therapy targeted to gut microbiota
World J Gastroenterol. 2023 Jul 21;29(27):4236-4251. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i27.4236.ABSTRACTDecreased muscle mass and function, also known as sarcopenia, is common in patients with cirrhosis and is associated with a poor prognosis. Although the pathogenesis of this disorder has not been fully elucidated, a disordered gut-muscle axis probably plays an important role. Decreased barrier function of the gut and liver, gut dysbiosis, and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) can lead to increased blood levels of ammonia, lipopolysaccharides, pro-inflammatory mediators, and myostatin. These factors have complex negative ef...
Source: World Journal of Gastroenterology : WJG - August 7, 2023 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Roman Maslennikov Aliya Alieva Elena Poluektova Yury Zharikov Andrey Suslov Yana Letyagina Ekaterina Vasileva Anna Levshina Evgenii Kozlov Vladimir Ivashkin Source Type: research

Active Clinical Trials in Hepatic Encephalopathy: Something Old, Something New and Something Borrowed
Neurochem Res. 2023 Mar 28. doi: 10.1007/s11064-023-03916-w. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTHepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a potentially reversible neurocognitive syndrome that occurs in patients with acute or chronic liver disease. Currently, most of the therapies for HE aim to reduce ammonia production or increase its elimination. To date, only two agents have been approved as treatments for HE: lactulose and rifaximin. Many other drugs have also been used, but data to support their use are limited, preliminary or lacking. The aim of this review is to provide an overview and discussion of the current development of treatm...
Source: Neurochemical Research - March 28, 2023 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Tiziano Balzano Source Type: research

Role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis and therapeutics of minimal hepatic encephalopathy < em > via < /em > the gut-liver-brain axis
World J Gastroenterol. 2023 Jan 7;29(1):144-156. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i1.144.ABSTRACTMinimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) is a frequent neurological and psychiatric complication of liver cirrhosis. The precise pathogenesis of MHE is complicated and has yet to be fully elucidated. Studies in cirrhotic patients and experimental animals with MHE have indicated that gut microbiota dysbiosis induces systemic inflammation, hyperammonemia, and endotoxemia, subsequently leading to neuroinflammation in the brain via the gut-liver-brain axis. Related mechanisms initiated by gut microbiota dysbiosis have significant roles in MHE pat...
Source: World Journal of Gastroenterology : WJG - January 23, 2023 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Ming Luo Rui-Juan Xin Fang-Rui Hu Li Yao Sheng-Juan Hu Fei-Hu Bai Source Type: research

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