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Orexin-A Prevents Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Neuroinflammation at the Level of the Intestinal Barrier
We examined a possible protective effect of OX-A against LPS-induced ROS formation and microglia activation. To mimic in vitro the connection between gut and brain and to study the putative effect on the cortical microglia, we used a co-culture of Caco-2 cells and primary cortical microglia with Caco-2 cells placed at the apical side of a transwell and primary cortical microglia at the basolateral side. All treatments used to study the apical vs. basal connection were applied to the apical compartment. We used DHR (10 μM, 20 min), a cell-permeable fluorogenic probe useful for the detection of ROS formation, to dete...
Source: Frontiers in Endocrinology - April 9, 2019 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Effects of Normothermic Machine Perfusion Conditions on Mesenchymal Stromal Cells
In this study the effect of NMP perfusion fluid on survival, metabolism and function of thawed cryopreserved human (h)MSC and porcine (p)MSC in suspension conditions was studied. Suspension conditions reduced the viability of pMSC by 40% in both perfusion fluid and culture medium. Viability of hMSC was reduced by suspension conditions by 15% in perfusion fluid, whilst no differences were found in survival in culture medium. Under adherent conditions, survival of the cells was not affected by perfusion fluid. The perfusion fluid did not affect survival of fresh MSC in suspension compared to the control culture medium. The f...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 9, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

The Promoter Regions of Intellectual Disability-Associated Genes Are Uniquely Enriched in LTR Sequences of the MER41 Primate-Specific Endogenous Retrovirus: An Evolutionary Connection Between Immunity and Cognition
Discussion We have found that, in the human genome, the promoter regions of ID-associated genes are uniquely enriched in MER41 LTRs. More specifically, nine ID-associated genes that are putatively important in cognitive evolution exhibit MER41 LTRs in their promoter regions. As more than 100 families of HERV are integrated into our genome, it was important to determine whether our findings are specific to MER41 and to ID-associated genes, and if so to what extent. Among the 133 families of HERV explored here, MER41 is the only family whose LTRs were found with statistically high frequency in the promoter regions of ID-ass...
Source: Frontiers in Genetics - April 11, 2019 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research