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Specialty: Infectious Diseases
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Total 742 results found since Jan 2013.
NIH-funded study reveals why malaria vaccine only partially protected children, infants
(NIH/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases) Using new, highly sensitive genomic sequencing technology, an international team of researchers has found new biological evidence to help explain why the malaria vaccine candidate RTS,S/AS01 (called RTS,S) provided only moderate protection among vaccinated children during clinical testing. The researchers, funded in part by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases at the National Institutes of Health, found that genetic variability in the surface protein targeted by the RTS,S vaccine likely played a significant role.
Source: EurekAlert! - Infectious and Emerging Diseases - October 22, 2015 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: news
NIH scientists draw evidence-based blueprint for HIV treatment and prevention
(NIH/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases) For many years, clinicians debated the best time to start antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection, with some worrying that the risks of treatment in terms of drug toxicities could outweigh the benefits of controlling the virus. In a new commentary, scientists from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, part of the National Institutes of Health, argue that the results of three large clinical trials definitively prove that the benefits of starting ART early in infection outweigh any theoretical risk.
Source: EurekAlert! - Infectious and Emerging Diseases - December 1, 2015 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: news
Tick genome reveals secrets of a successful bloodsucker
(NIH/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases) With tenacity befitting their subject, an international team of nearly 100 researchers toiled for a decade and overcame tough technical challenges to decipher the genome of the blacklegged tick (Ixodes scapularis). The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), part of the National Institutes of Health, contributed primary support to the research, which appears in the online, open-access journal Nature Communications.
Source: EurekAlert! - Infectious and Emerging Diseases - February 9, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: news
Antibodies from unconventional B cells less likely to neutralize HIV, NIH study finds
(NIH/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases) Antibodies derived from a type of immune cell found in unusually high numbers in HIV-infected individuals with chronically uncontrolled virus levels are less effective at neutralizing HIV than antibodies derived from a different type of immune cell more common in people without HIV, scientists report. The findings help explain why people infected with HIV cannot sufficiently clear the virus with effective antibodies. The study was supported by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), part of the National Institutes of Health.
Source: EurekAlert! - Infectious and Emerging Diseases - March 17, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: news
NIH-led team discovers new HIV vaccine target
(NIH/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases) A team led by scientists at the National Institutes of Health has reported a research trifecta. They discovered a new vulnerable site on HIV for a vaccine to target, a broadly neutralizing antibody that binds to that target site, and how the antibody stops the virus from infecting a cell. The study was led by scientists at the Vaccine Research Center of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, part of NIH.
Source: EurekAlert! - Infectious and Emerging Diseases - May 12, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: news
Novel strategy may improve seasonal flu vaccine effectiveness
(NIH/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases) New findings describe a novel strategy for predicting how circulating influenza viruses will evolve, an approach that may help scientists create better seasonal influenza vaccines. The findings, which appear in the journal Nature Microbiology, were conducted by scientists affiliated with the Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance program of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, part of the National Institutes of Health.
Source: EurekAlert! - Infectious and Emerging Diseases - May 23, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: news
Early-Life Intranasal Colonization with Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae Exacerbates Juvenile Airway Disease in Mice Host Response and Inflammation
In this study, we hypothesized that early-life colonization with NTHi promotes immune system reprogramming and the development of atypical inflammatory responses. To address this hypothesis in a highly controlled model, we tested whether colonization of mice with NTHi on day of life 3 induced or exacerbated juvenile airway disease using an ovalbumin (OVA) allergy model of asthma. We found that animals that were colonized on day of life 3 and subjected to induction of allergy had exacerbated airway disease as juveniles, in which exacerbated airway disease was defined as increased cellular infiltration into the lung, increas...
Source: Infection and Immunity - June 22, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: McCann, J. R., Mason, S. N., Auten, R. L., St. Geme, J. W., Seed, P. C. Tags: Host Response and Inflammation Source Type: research
Gene sequences reveal global variations in malaria parasites
(NIH/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases) Plasmodium vivax (P. vivax) parasites, which cause a debilitating form of malaria, are yielding their secrets to an international team of researchers funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. In the largest such effort to date, the team determined complete genomes of nearly 200 P. vivax strains that recently infected people in eight countries.
Source: EurekAlert! - Infectious and Emerging Diseases - June 27, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: news
Zika vaccines protect mice from infection
(NIH/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases) A single dose of either of two experimental Zika vaccines fully protected mice challenged with Zika virus four or eight weeks after receiving the inoculations. The research, conducted by investigators supported by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), part of the National Institutes of Health, suggests that similar vaccines for people could be similarly protective.
Source: EurekAlert! - Infectious and Emerging Diseases - June 28, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: news
Zika virus infection may be prolonged in pregnancy
(NIH/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases) Zika virus infection confers protection against future infection in monkeys, but lingers in the body of pregnant animals for prolonged periods of time, according to research funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The findings appear in the June 28 issue of Nature Communications.
Source: EurekAlert! - Infectious and Emerging Diseases - June 29, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: news
Influence of material properties on gloves' bacterial barrier efficacy in the presence of microperforation
Conclusion Bacterial passage through punctures is correlated with the stiffness or elasticity of the glove material. Therefore, gloves made of latex may have an increased protective effect in case of a glove breach. Whenever gloves are purchased and selected, a risk-benefit assessment should be conducted, balancing the risk of allergy against the degree of required protection in case of a glove puncture.
Source: American Journal of Infection Control - July 4, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research
PREVAIL treatment trial for men with persistent Ebola viral RNA in semen opens in Liberia
(NIH/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases) The Partnership for Research on Ebola Virus in Liberia (PREVAIL), a US-Liberia joint Clinical Research Partnership, today announced the opening of PREVAIL IV, a treatment trial for men who have survived Ebola virus disease but continue to have evidence of Ebola virus genetic material, RNA, in their semen. The trial is sponsored by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases in partnership with the Ministry of Health of Liberia and Gilead Sciences.
Source: EurekAlert! - Infectious and Emerging Diseases - July 5, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: news
Heterogeneity of the HIV epidemic in agrarian, trading, and fishing communities in Rakai, Uganda: an observational epidemiological study
Publication date: Available online 9 July 2016 Source:The Lancet HIV Author(s): Larry W Chang, Mary K Grabowski, Robert Ssekubugu, Fred Nalugoda, Godfrey Kigozi, Betty Nantume, Justin Lessler, Sean M Moore, Thomas C Quinn, Steven J Reynolds, Ronald H Gray, David Serwadda, Maria J Wawer Background Understanding the extent to which HIV burden differs across communities and the drivers of local disparities is crucial for an effective and targeted HIV response. We assessed community-level variations in HIV prevalence, risk factors, and treatment and prevention service uptake in Rakai, Uganda. Methods The Rakai ...
Source: The Lancet HIV - July 9, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research
Vaccine strategy induces antibodies that can target multiple influenza viruses
( NIH/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases ) Scientists have identified three types of vaccine-induced antibodies that can neutralize diverse strains of influenza virus that infect humans. The discovery will help guide development of a universal influenza vaccine, according to investigators at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), and the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), both part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), and collaborators who conducted the research.
Source: EurekAlert! - Infectious and Emerging Diseases - July 22, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: news
NIH launches early-stage yellow fever vaccine trial
( NIH/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases ) The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious has begun an early-stage clinical trial of an investigational vaccine designed to protect against yellow fever virus. The Phase 1 study is evaluating whether an experimental vaccine developed by the Danish biopharmaceutical company Bavarian Nordic is safe, tolerable and has the potential to prevent yellow fever virus infection.
Source: EurekAlert! - Infectious and Emerging Diseases - July 27, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: news
