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Source: Frontiers in Immunology

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Total 269 results found since Jan 2013.

Specific Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Can Modulate in vitro Human moDC2s and Subsequent Th2 Cytokine Release
Allergy is becoming a rapidly increasing problem worldwide, and in vitro models are frequently used to study the mechanisms behind the different types of allergic response. The dendritic cell (DC)–T-cell model can be used to study sensitization. However, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is often used to maturate the DCs, but it gives rise to a DC1 phenotype, whereas Th2-driven inflammatory diseases such as allergy are characterized by the involvement of the DC2 phenotype. Our aim was to create a DC2–T-cell human model (human moDC2s) to study in vitro sensitization and validate the model using polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - May 3, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Therapeutic Potential of the Intestinal Microbiota for Immunomodulation of Food Allergies
Food allergy is an atopic disease that is caused by the immune system targeting harmless food antigens that can result in life-threatening anaphylaxis. As humans and microbes have co-evolved, inevitably commensal microbes have a tremendous impact on our health. As such, the gut with its enormous microbial richness reflects a highly tolerogenic environment at steady state, in which immune cells are educated to react in a well-calibrated manner to food and microbial antigens. Recent evidence indicates that the susceptibility to food allergy is critically linked to microbial dysbiosis and can be transmitted by microbial trans...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - August 13, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Hyper-Inflammatory Monocyte Activation Following Endotoxin Exposure in Food Allergic Infants
In this study, detailed immune cell and cytokine profiling was performed on peripheral blood mononuclear cells at baseline from 27 1 year old infants in the HealthNuts cohort (n = 16 egg allergic and n = 11 non-allergic healthy controls) and following monocyte stimulation. We show that egg allergic infants have increased frequency of circulating monocytes, reduced numbers of regulatory CD4 T cells and increased monocyte: CD4 T cell ratios relative to healthy controls. Monocytes from both egg allergic and non-allergic infants responded to endotoxin stimulation with rapid cytokine production and downregulation of the surface...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - September 23, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Eosinophils in Eosinophilic Esophagitis: The Road to Fibrostenosis is Paved With Good Intentions
Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is an antigen-driven disease associated with epithelial barrier dysfunction and chronic type 2 inflammation. Eosinophils are the defining feature of EoE histopathology but relatively little is known about their role in disease onset and progression. Classically defined as destructive, end-stage effector cells, eosinophils (a resident leukocyte in most of the GI tract) are increasingly understood to play roles in local immunity, tissue homeostasis, remodeling, and repair. Indeed, asymptomatic esophageal eosinophilia is observed in IgE-mediated food allergy. Interestingly, EoE is a potential co...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - December 1, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

IL-2-Agonist-Induced IFN- γ Exacerbates Systemic Anaphylaxis in Food Allergen-Sensitized Mice
Food allergies are common, costly and potentially life-threatening disorders. They are driven by Th2, but inhibited by Th1 reactions. There is also evidence indicating that IL-2 agonist treatment inhibits allergic sensitization through expansion of regulatory T cells. Here, we tested the impact of an IL-2 agonist in a novel model for food allergy to hen´s egg in mice sensitized without artificial adjuvants. Prophylactic IL-2 agonist treatment expanded Treg populations and inhibited allergen-specific sensitization. However, IL-2 agonist treatment of already sensitized mice increased mast cell responses and allergic anaphyl...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - December 11, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Fecal IgA, Antigen Absorption, and Gut Microbiome Composition Are Associated With Food Antigen Sensitization in Genetically Susceptible Mice
Food allergy is a potentially fatal disease affecting 8% of children and has become increasingly common in the past two decades. Despite the prevalence and severe nature of the disease, the mechanisms underlying sensitization remain to be further elucidated. The Collaborative Cross is a genetically diverse panel of inbred mice that were specifically developed to study the influence of genetics on complex diseases. Using this panel of mouse strains, we previously demonstrated CC027/GeniUnc mice, but not C3H/HeJ mice, develop peanut allergy after oral exposure to peanut in the absence of a Th2-skewing adjuvant. Here, we inve...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - January 19, 2021 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Allergic Aspects of IgG4-Related Disease: Implications for Pathogenesis and Therapy
IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a rare systemic fibroinflammatory disease frequently associated with allergy. The pathogenesis of IgG4-RD is poorly understood, and effective therapies are limited. However, IgG4-RD appears to involve some of the same pathogenic mechanisms observed in allergic disease, such as T helper 2 (Th2) and regulatory T cell (Treg) activation, IgG4 and IgE hypersecretion, and blood/tissue eosinophilia. In addition, IgG4-RD tissue fibrosis appears to involve activation of basophils and mast cells and their release of alarmins and cytokines. In this article, we review allergy-like features of IgG4-RD ...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - July 7, 2021 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Achieving Precision Medicine in Allergic Disease: Progress and Challenges
Allergic diseases (atopic dermatitis, food allergy, eosinophilic esophagitis, asthma and allergic rhinitis), perhaps more than many other traditionally grouped disorders, share several overlapping inflammatory pathways and risk factors, though we are still beginning to understand how the relevant patient and environmental factors uniquely shape each disease. Precision medicine is the concept of applying multiple levels of patient-specific data to tailor diagnoses and available treatments to the individual; ideally, a patient receives the right intervention at the right time, in order to maximize effectiveness but minimize ...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - August 18, 2021 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Oral Immunotherapy for Food-Allergic Children: A Pro-Con Debate
In conclusion, even though many protocols, reviews and meta-analysis have been published on this topic, pediatric OIT remains a controversial therapy and no definitive generalized conclusion may be drawn so far. It should be an option provided by specialized teams, when both patients and their families are prone to adhere to the proposed protocol. Efficacy, long-term effectiveness, possible role of adjuvant therapies, risk of severe reactions including anaphylaxis or eosinophilic esophagitis, and impact on the quality of life of both children and caregivers are all aspects that should be discussed before starting OIT. Futu...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - September 28, 2021 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

A recombinant Artemisia vulgaris pollen adjuvanted Art v 1 protein-based vaccine treats allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma using pre- and co-seasonal ultrashort immunotherapy regimens in sensitized mice
Allergic rhinitis is an important risk factor for bronchial asthma. Allergen-specific immunotherapy (ASIT) is the gold standard for treatment of allergic rhinitis, conjunctivitis, and asthma. A disadvantage of current ASIT methods is the length of therapy which requires numerous allergen administrations. The success of ASIT is determined by its schedule, which, depending on the vaccine and type of allergy, can be pre-seasonal (before the allergy season begins), combined pre/co-seasonal (during the allergy season) etc. The aim of the present study was to evaluate a vaccine based on recombinant Artemisia vulgaris pollen majo...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - November 9, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

HLA-associated outcomes in peanut oral immunotherapy trials identify mechanistic and clinical determinants of therapeutic success
ConclusionsFindings across three clinical trials show a pattern of a gene environment interaction between HLA and oral peanut exposure. Age, and prior sensitization contribute additional determinants of outcomes, consistent with a mechanism of restricted antigen recognition fundamental to driving protective immune responses to OIT.
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - November 18, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

An interleukin-1 polymorphism additionally intensified by atopy as prognostic factor for aseptic non-mechanical complications in metal knee and hip arthroplasty
ConclusionThe IL1RN VNTR allele 498 bp was strongly associated with SA. In patients with a history of atopy, presence of the IL1RN VNTR allele 498 bp led to a four-fold higher SA prevalence compared to patients without this allele.
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - November 28, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Sequential Immunization With Live-Attenuated Chimeric Hemagglutinin-Based Vaccines Confers Heterosubtypic Immunity Against Influenza A Viruses in a Preclinical Ferret Model
This study was also partly funded by a research contract from GSK. The findings and conclusions contained within are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect positions or policies of the funders. Conflict of Interest Statement AG-S, FK, and PP are inventors in patent applications filed and owned b
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 9, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Contribution of Non-immune Cells to Activation and Modulation of the Intestinal Inflammation
Conclusions As the intestinal mucosa surface constitutes the major surface of the body which is in direct contact with the outer environment, intestinal immune homeostasis must be accurately regulated. The interplay between commensal microbiota, intestinal stromal cells, and the mucosal immune system components should guarantee the intestinal homeostasis to avoid a sustained inflammation that could induce tissue damage. However, several factors can lead to inflammation through homeostasis breakdown. Figure 1 summarizes the main points that have been reviewed here. We have described what it is known so far about the role o...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 9, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

The Emerging Epigenetic Role of CD8+T Cells in Autoimmune Diseases: A Systematic Review
The Emerging Epigenetic Role of CD8+T Cells in Autoimmune Diseases: A Systematic Review Qiancheng Deng1, Yangyang Luo1,2, Christopher Chang3, Haijing Wu1, Yan Ding4* and Rong Xiao1* 1Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China 2Department of Dermatology, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, China 3Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States 4Department of Dermatology, Hainan Provincial Dermatology Disease Hospital, Haikou, China A...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 17, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research