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Source: Current Treatment Options in Allergy
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Total 345 results found since Jan 2013.
A Case-Based Review on the Diagnosis and Treatment Options for Recurrent Wheezing and Asthma in Preschool Children
AbstractPurpose of reviewTo summarize the recent evidence on the various wheezing patterns in early life and provide a case-based review with insights into clinical application of individualized therapy in preschool children with recurrent wheezing.Recent findingsPreschool wheezing is often characterized predominantly by the risk domain with exacerbations and relatively limited impairment. In children with intermittent disease and a positive Modified Asthma Predictive Index, intermittent therapy with inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) should be considered as an initial therapy to prevent exacerbations. Early administration of ...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Allergy - September 8, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
House-Dust Mite Immunotherapy in Asthma: Uncertainties and Therapeutic Strategies
AbstractPurpose of reviewThe prevalence of house dust mites (HDM)-sensitization is high in allergic asthma (AA), especially in tropical/subtropical countries in Asia and South America. As HDM-sensitization can contribute to the subsequent development of HDM-driven asthma, poor asthma control and exacerbations, allergen immunotherapy (AIT) might reduce the growing global burden of allergic asthma.Recent findingsAIT builds immunotolerance via upregulation of T-regulatory (reg) cells, leading to increase secretion of IL-10 and TGF- β which suppress the Th2 response to allergens. IL-10 also induces the class-switch to plasma ...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Allergy - October 30, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
IL-25: Regulator of Type 2 Inflammation in Allergic Nasal Mucosa
AbstractPurpose of reviewAllergic nasal mucosal inflammation generally refers to the development of allergic rhinitis characterized by IgE-mediated mast cell responses, eosinophil infiltration, and augmented Th2 cytokines/chemokine production in the nasal mucosa. However, due to the complexity of the disease, its detailed mechanism has yet to be fully elucidated. Hence, in this review, we aim to collate the studies of IL-25 pertaining to its role in allergic mucosal inflammation to help drive future research of IL-25 in utilizing it as a potential target in the management of allergic sinonasal diseases.Recent findingsAt th...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Allergy - November 5, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Asthma and the Biologics Revolution, Part 1: Here and Now
AbstractPurpose of This ReviewTo highlight the evidence behind the various approved biologics indicated for asthma along with their specific targets in the inflammatory cascade and the role they serve in the management of allergic asthma.Recent FindingsThe mainstay of asthma management for the majority of asthmatics is inhaled corticosteroids with or without long-acting beta-agonists and/or leukotriene modifiers and/or tiotropium. However, in the small group of individuals with severe asthma uncontrolled with conventional therapy, biologics have emerged as an effective therapeutic option.SummaryAsthma is a chronic heteroge...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Allergy - November 6, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Asthma and the Biologics Revolution, Part 2: Failures and the Future Potential
AbstractPurpose of this reviewTo highlight the evidence behind the various biologics that are being developed for asthma along with their specific targets in the inflammatory cascade and the potential role they serve in the management of allergic asthma.Recent findingsThe mainstay of asthma management for the majority of asthmatics is inhaled corticosteroids with or without long-acting beta-agonists and/or leukotriene modifiers and/or tiotropium. However, in the small group of individuals with severe asthma uncontrolled with conventional therapy, biologics have emerged as an effective therapeutic option.SummaryAsthma is a ...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Allergy - November 15, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Update on Desensitization
AbstractPurpose of reviewRapid drug desensitization (RDD) is a high-risk protocol that allows patients with hypersensitivity reactions to remain on first-line therapy for their underlying conditions through titration of dose increments and infusion rates. The aim of this paper is to review the most recent desensitization protocols available for drugs that are commonly used in clinical practice settings and to provide algorithms for their appropriate usage.Recent findingsRDD protocols involve identification of phenotypes and endotypes during the initial reaction, risk stratification, skin testing, and specific biomarkers. P...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Allergy - November 17, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Evidence-Based Medicine and Real-World Data in Allergen Immunotherapy Today and in the Future: Quality or Quantity?
AbstractPurpose of the reviewData obtained from controlled clinical trials remains the gold standard for the evaluation of treatment efficacy and safety. This information is used in systematic reviews and meta-analysis providing data for evidence-based medicine (EBM) statements and conclusions which are preferred by regulatory and academic groups when decisions and recommendations need to be given.Recent findings:The quantity and diversity of real-world data (RWD) have been increasing exponentially as technology and integrated electronic medical records have made this information increasingly accessible and useful for outc...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Allergy - November 17, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Management of Patients During Acute Reaction Induced by Drugs
AbstractPurpose of reviewAnaphylaxis is the most severe form of an allergic reaction and is characterized by being rapid in onset with potentially life-threatening airway, breathing, or circulatory problems; medications are able to provoke immediate acute reactions whose severity varies from mild (i.e., urticaria) to severe reactions (anaphylaxis). The management and prevention of anaphylactic reactions represent a crucial challenge for allergists that must perfectly know the symptoms and the best treatments of this severe disease.Recent findingsAcute treatment of anaphylaxis is based on the immediate administration of adr...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Allergy - December 9, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Vitamin-Induced Anaphylaxis
AbstractPurpose of reviewThis paper aimed to summarize and review the known data on anaphylaxis and hypersensitivity reactions to vitamins.Recent FindingsVitamins A, C, D, and E seem to be extremely safe compounds, with few or no related case of anaphylaxis to them. Vitamin B1 is considered the most allergenic vitamin. Immediate reactions are unusual, but urticaria and anaphylaxis to thiamine intravenous administration have been described. Vitamin B12 hypersensitivity is also infrequent. Reactions occur mostly in patients receiving long-term supplementation. Desensitization is mandatory for patients with hypersensitivity t...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Allergy - January 13, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
The Roadmap From Allergic Rhinitis to Asthma
AbstractPurpose of reviewUpper and lower airways display some common characteristic described as a holistic model. Because rhinitis may proceed asthma, it is imperative to understand the mechanisms and risk factors responsible for the progression from rhinitis to asthma.Recent findingsSubclinical lower airway abnormalities have been observed in patients with rhinitis without asthma. Recent evidence indicates that these patients may have an increased risk of developing asthma. Environmental and genetic factors can contribute to enhance this possibility. The treatments of rhinitis have also been shown to be beneficial to the...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Allergy - January 14, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Hypersensitivity Reactions to Biologicals: from Bench to Bedside
AbstractPurpose of ReviewBiologic agents are new treatment options for chronic inflammatory diseases and cancers. As a result of their unique mechanism of action, they are more effective and less toxic treatment option and their clinical usage is increasing. While they are more commonly used, various adverse effects have been observed including life-threatening ones, including anaphylaxis. The aim of this review is to distinguish the anaphylaxis from other hypersensitivity reactions (HSR) and provide a management algorithm for the anaphylactic reactions induced by biological agents.Recent FindingsMany case reports and seri...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Allergy - January 17, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Childhood Anaphylaxis: State of the Art
AbstractPurpose of the ReviewAnaphylaxis is a systemic immunologic reaction of immediate hypersensitivity that occurs as consequence of an interaction between antigen and immunoglobulin E (IgE) and may be potentially fatal. Anaphylaxis symptoms usually occur minutes or seconds after the exposure to the causing allergen. The sooner the reaction is established, the more severe it is. The main causes in children are food (cow ’s milk, peanut, egg) and insect bite. Its clinical manifestations usually vary. They can be mild, presenting with hives, angioedema, abdominal pain; or severe, presenting with hypotension or shock, an...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Allergy - January 26, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Perioperative Reactions to Sugammadex
AbstractPurpose of the reviewThe γ-cyclodextrin sugammadex, chemically modified to encapsulate the steroidal muscle relaxant rocuronium, was introduced into anesthesia as the first selective relaxant binding agent to reverse neuromuscular blockade. In the face of sugammadex’s alleged propensity to cause anaphylaxis, the agent wa s finally approved by the FDA in 2015. With its steadily increasing usage, it has become apparent that there is a small but concerning incidence of perioperative anaphylaxis to sugammadex and some reactions that are anaphylactic like but where diagnosis has not been definitive. The purpose here ...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Allergy - February 2, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Irritant Contact Dermatitis: Why It Happens, Who Suffers It and How to Manage
AbstractPurpose of ReviewIrritant contact dermatitis (ICD) is defined as a localized skin reaction to irritants which does not require prior sensitization of the immune adaptative system. ICD is a consequence of direct toxic effect of physical or chemical agents resulting in keratinocyte damage. The purpose of this review was to highlight the various aspects of ICD to improve its management.Recent FindingsIt is now known that ICD is a complex reaction that involved both endogenous and exogenous factors, and does not represent a homogenous entity but can cover various clinical subtypes. The management of ICD is based on its...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Allergy - February 18, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
A Precision Medicine Approach to Rhinitis Evaluation and Management
AbstractPurpose of ReviewPrecision medicine (PM) represents a new paradigm in disease diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. The PM approach focuses on the characterization of different phenotypes and pathogenic pathways in order to allow the selection of specific biomarkers that will be useful in disease management. Rhinitis is a highly prevalent and heterogeneous disease, both in terms of underlying endotypes and clinical presentations. Therefore, to apply the PM principles to the various rhinitis subtypes rise as a meaningful strategy to improve evaluation and treatment.Recent FindingsThe technology of recombinant allerg...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Allergy - February 20, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
