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Source: Am J Physiol Cell Ph...

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Total 155 results found since Jan 2013.

Endothelial microparticles carrying hedgehog-interacting protein induce continuous endothelial damage in the pathogenesis of acute graft-versus-host disease.
In this study, we detected the plasma EMP levels and endothelial damage in patients and mice with aGVHD in vivo, and then examined the effects of EMPs derived from injured endothelial cells (ECs) on endothelial damage and the role of hedgehog-interacting protein (HHIP) carried by EMPs in these effects in vitro. Our results showed that EMPs were persistently increased in the early post-transplantation phase in patients and mice with aGVHD. Meanwhile, endothelial damage was continuous in aGVHD mice but was temporary in non-aGVHD mice after transplantation. In vitro, EMPs induced endothelial damage including increased EC apop...
Source: Am J Physiol Cell Ph... - March 22, 2016 Category: Cytology Authors: Nie DM, Wu QL, Zheng P, Chen P, Zhang R, Li BB, Fang J, Xia LH, Hong M Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: research

Rab25 influences functional CaV1.2 channel surface expression in arterial smooth muscle cells.
Abstract Plasma membrane-localized CaV1.2 channels are the primary calcium (Ca(2+)) influx pathway in arterial smooth muscle cells (myocytes). CaV1.2 channels regulate several cellular functions, including contractility and gene expression, but trafficking pathways that control the surface expression of these proteins are unclear. Similarly, expression and physiological functions of small RabGTPases, proteins that control vesicular trafficking in arterial myocytes are poorly understood. Here, we investigated Rab proteins that control functional surface abundance of CaV1.2 channels in cerebral artery myocytes. West...
Source: Am J Physiol Cell Ph... - April 12, 2016 Category: Cytology Authors: Bannister JP, Bulley S, Leo MD, Kidd MW, Jaggar JH Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: research

Calpain-2 Activates Akt via TGFβ1-mTORC2 Pathway in Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cells.
Abstract Calpain is a family of calcium-dependent nonlysosomal neutral cysteine endopeptidases. Akt is a serine/threonine kinase that belongs to AGC kinases and plays important roles in cell survival, growth, proliferation, angiogenesis, and cell metabolism. Both calpain and Akt are the downstream signaling molecules of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and mediate PDGF-induced collagen synthesis and proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) in pulmonary vascular remodeling. We found that inhibitions of calpain-2 by using calpain inhibitor MDL28170 and calpain-2 siRNA attenuated Akt phosph...
Source: Am J Physiol Cell Ph... - April 19, 2016 Category: Cytology Authors: Abeyrathna P, Kovacs L, Han W, Su Y Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: research

Local coupling of TRPC6 to ANO1/TMEM16A channels in smooth muscle cells amplifies vasoconstriction in cerebral arteries.
Abstract Anoctamin-1 (ANO1; also termed TMEM16A) is a Ca(2+)-activated Cl(-) (ClCa) channel expressed in arterial myocytes that regulates membrane potential and contractility. Signaling mechanisms that control ANO1 activity in arterial myocytes are poorly understood. In cerebral artery myocytes, ANO1 channels are activated by local Ca(2+) signals generated by plasma membrane non-selective cation channels, but the molecular identity of these proteins is unclear. Arterial myocytes express several different non-selective cation channels, including multiple members of the transient receptor potential receptor (TRP) fa...
Source: Am J Physiol Cell Ph... - May 3, 2016 Category: Cytology Authors: Wang Q, Leo MD, Narayanan D, Kuruvilla KP, Jaggar JH Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: research

Molecular Mechanisms of the Angiogenic Effects of Low-energy Shock Wave Therapy: Roles of Mechanotransduction.
CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that activation of mechanosensors on cell membranes, such as caveolin-1 and β1-integrin, and subsequent phosphorylation of Erk and Akt may play pivotal roles in the SW-induced angiogenesis. PMID: 27413171 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Am J Physiol Cell Ph... - July 12, 2016 Category: Cytology Authors: Hatanaka K, Ito K, Shindo T, Kagaya Y, Ogata T, Eguchi K, Kurosawa R, Shimokawa H Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: research

Activation of Nrf2 contributes to the protective effect of Exendin-4 against angiotensin II-induced vascular smooth muscle cell senescence.
In conclusion, these results provide a mechanistic insight into how Nrf2 signaling mediates the anti-senescent and anti-oxidative effects induced by Exendin-4 in VSMCs. PMID: 27488664 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Am J Physiol Cell Ph... - August 2, 2016 Category: Cytology Authors: Zhou T, Zhang M, Zhao L, Li A, Qin X Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: research

Lysophosphatidic acid-induced vascular neointimal formation in mouse carotid arteries is mediated by the matricellular protein CCN1/Cyr61.
Abstract Vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) migration is an essential step involved in neointimal formation in restenosis and atherosclerosis. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a bioactive component of oxidized low density lipoprotein and is produced by activated platelets, implying that LPA influences vascular remodeling. Our previous study revealed that matricellular protein CCN1, a prominent extracellular matrix (ECM) protein, mediates LPA-induced SMC migration in vitro. Here we examined the role of CCN1 in LPA-induced neointimal formation. By using LPA infusion of carotid artery in a mouse model, we demonstrated t...
Source: Am J Physiol Cell Ph... - October 18, 2016 Category: Cytology Authors: Hao F, Zhang F, Wu DD, An D, Shi J, Li G, Xu X, Cui MZ Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: research

The plasma membrane metal-ion transporter ZIP14 contributes to non-transferrin-bound iron uptake by human β cells.
Abstract The relationship between iron and β cell dysfunction has long been recognized as individuals with iron overload display an increased incidence of diabetes. This link is usually attributed to the accumulation of excess iron in β cells leading to cellular damage and impaired function. Yet, the molecular mechanism(s) by which human β cells take up iron has not been determined. In the present study, we assessed the contribution of the metal-ion transporters ZIP14, ZIP8, and DMT1 to iron uptake by human β cells. Iron was provided to the cells as non-transferrin-bound iron (NTBI), which appears in the plasm...
Source: Am J Physiol Cell Ph... - November 29, 2016 Category: Cytology Authors: Coffey R, Knutson MD Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: research

The unfolded protein response in relation to mitochondrial biogenesis in skeletal muscle cells.
THE UNFOLDED PROTEIN RESPONSE IN RELATION TO MITOCHONDRIAL BIOGENESIS IN SKELETAL MUSCLE CELLS. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2017 Mar 08;:ajpcell.00320.2016 Authors: Mesbah Moosavi ZS, Hood DA Abstract Mitochondria are comprised of both nuclear- and mitochondrially-encoded proteins requiring precise stoichiometry for their integration into functional complexes. The augmented protein synthesis associated with mitochondrial biogenesis results in the accumulation of unfolded proteins, thus triggering cellular stress. As such, the unfolded protein responses emanating from the endoplasmic reticulum (UPR(ER))...
Source: Am J Physiol Cell Ph... - March 7, 2017 Category: Cytology Authors: Mesbah Moosavi ZS, Hood DA Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: research

Balance between S-nitrosylation and denitrosylation modulates myoblast proliferation independently of soluble guanylyl cyclase activation.
Abstract Nitric oxide (NO) contributes to myogenesis by regulating the transition between myoblast proliferation and fusion through cGMP signaling. NO can form S-nitrosothiols (RSNO), which control signaling pathways in many different cell types. However, neither the role of RSNO content nor its regulation by the denitrosylase activity of S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) during myogenesis is understood. Here, we used primary cultures of chick embryonic skeletal muscle cells to investigate whether changes in intracellular RSNO alter proliferation and fusion of myoblasts in the presence and absence of cGMP. Cu...
Source: Am J Physiol Cell Ph... - April 5, 2017 Category: Cytology Authors: Yamashita AM, Ancillotti MT, Rangel LP, Fontenele M, Figueiredo-Freitas C, Possidonio AC, Soares CP, Sorenson MM, Mermelstein C, Nogueira L Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: research

ROS-induced ROS Release Orchestrated by Nox4, Nox2 and Mitochondria in VEGF Signaling and Angiogenesis.
Abstract Reactive oxygen species (ROS) derived from NADPH oxidase (NOX) and mitochondria play a critical role in growth factor-induced switch from a quiescent to an angiogenic phenotype in endothelial cells (ECs). However, how highly diffusible ROS produced from different sources can coordinate to stimulate VEGF signaling and drive the angiogenic process remains unknown. Using the cytosol- and mitochondria-targeted redox-sensitive RoGFP biosensors with real-time imaging, here we show that VEGF stimulation in human ECs rapidly increases cytosolic RoGFP oxidation within 1 min, followed by mitochondrial RoGFP oxidati...
Source: Am J Physiol Cell Ph... - April 19, 2017 Category: Cytology Authors: Kim YM, Kim SJ, Tatsunami R, Yamamura H, Fukai T, Ushio-Fukai M Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: research

Involvement of connexin43 phosphorylation and gap junctional communication in vasopressin-induced ROCK-dependent vasoconstriction after hemorrhagic shock.
In conclusion, AVP-mediated vascular contractile effects are endothelium and myoendothelial gap junctions independent. Gap junctions between VSMCs, gap-junctional communication and Cx43 phosphorylation at Ser262 play important roles in the vascular effects of AVP. RhoA/ROCK, but not PKC, is involved in this process. PMID: 28794110 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Am J Physiol Cell Ph... - August 9, 2017 Category: Cytology Authors: Yang G, Peng X, Wu Y, Li T, Liu L Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: research

(Pro) Renin Receptor Mediates Albumin Induced Cellular Responses: Role of Site-1 Protease-Derived Soluble (Pro) Renin Receptor in Renal Epithelial Cells.
Abstract Proteinuria is a characteristic of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and also a causative factor that promotes the disease progression in part via activation of intrarenal renin-angiotensin system (RAS). (Pro) renin receptor (PRR), a newly discovered component of the RAS, binds renin and (pro) renin to promote angiotensin I generation. The present study was performed to test the role of soluble PRR (sPRR) in albumin overload-induced responses in cultured human renal proximal tubular cell line HK-2 cells. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) treatment for 24 h at 20 mg/ml induced renin activity and inflammation, both of ...
Source: Am J Physiol Cell Ph... - September 13, 2017 Category: Cytology Authors: Fang H, Xu C, Lu A, Zou CJ, Xie S, Chen Y, Zhou L, Liu M, Wang L, Wang W, Yang T Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: research

Involvement of connexin 43 phosphorylation and gap junctional communication between smooth muscle cells in vasopressin-induced ROCK-dependent vasoconstriction after hemorrhagic shock.
In conclusion, AVP-mediated vascular contractile effects are endothelium and myoendothelial gap junction independent. Gap junctions between VSMCs, gap junctional communication, and Cx43 phosphorylation at Ser(262) play important roles in the vascular effects of AVP. RhoA/ROCK, but not PKC, is involved in this process. PMID: 28974518 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Am J Physiol Cell Ph... - October 1, 2017 Category: Cytology Authors: Yang G, Peng X, Wu Y, Li T, Liu L Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: research

Neonatal cardiomyocyte hypertrophy induced by endothelin-1 is blocked by estradiol acting on GPER.
In conclusion, E2 plays a key role in antagonizing ET-1-induced hypertrophy in cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes through GPER signaling by mechanism involving activation of PDK1 pathway, which would prevent the increase of ERK1/2 activity and consequently the development of hypertrophy. PMID: 29167148 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Am J Physiol Cell Ph... - November 22, 2017 Category: Cytology Authors: Goncalves GK, Scalzo S, Alves AP, Agero U, Guatimosim S, Reis AM Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: research