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Antiretroviral therapy and vaginally administered contraceptive hormones: a three-arm, pharmacokinetic study
This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01903031.FindingsBetween Dec 30, 2014, and Sept 12, 2016, we enrolled 84 participants in the study; ten participants were excluded from the primary hormone analysis. 74 participants met the primary endpoint: 25 in the control group, 25 in the efavirenz group, and 24 in the atazanavir group. On day 21 of intravaginal ring use, participants receiving efavirenz had 79% lower etonogestrel (GMR 0·21, 90% CI 0·16–0·28; p<0·0001) and 59% lower ethinylestradiol (0·41, 0·32–0·52; p<0·0001) concentrations compared with the control group. By contrast, par...
Source: The Lancet HIV - September 5, 2019 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Altered Lipidome Composition Is Related to Markers of Monocyte and Immune Activation in Antiretroviral Therapy Treated Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection and in Uninfected Persons
Conclusions: The lipidome is altered in ART-treated HIV infection, and may contribute to inflammation and CVD progression. Detailed lipidomic analyses may better assess CVD risk in both HIV+ and HIV– individuals than does traditional lipid profiling. Introduction Both HIV infection and the use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) contribute to an increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) (1, 2). Dyslipidemia is observed in HIV-infected (HIV+) individuals, and is associated with reduced levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and elevated total (TC) cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 15, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Post-exposure prophylaxis guidelines for children and adolescents potentially exposed to HIV
UK guidelines for HIV post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) in adults have recently been updated. Indications for PEP have been modified and there has been a change in the recommended antiretroviral therapy for adults to a combination of raltegravir with tenofovir and emtricitabine (Truvada). Raltegravir and tenofovir are now available in paediatric formulations and offer improved safety and tolerability over previously recommended ritonavir-boosted lopinavir with zidovudine. This guideline provides recommendations for those caring for children potentially exposed to HIV and other bloodborne viruses in primary care, emergency de...
Source: Archives of Disease in Childhood - December 13, 2016 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Bamford, A., Tudor-Williams, G., Foster, C. Tags: Immunology (including allergy), Drugs: infectious diseases, HIV/AIDS, Adolescent health, Child health, Sexual health Guideline Source Type: research

Protease inhibitor monotherapy was non-inferior and cost-effective as maintenance therapy compared to triple therapy in viral load suppressed patients with HIV-1 infection
Commentary on: Paton NI, Stöhr W, Oddershede L, et al.. The Protease Inhibitor Monotherapy Versus Ongoing Triple Therapy (PIVOT) trial: a randomised controlled trial of a protease inhibitor monotherapy strategy for long-term management of human immunodeficiency virus infection. Health Technol Assess 2016;20:1–158 . Context Over the last 20 years, little has changed in terms of HIV treatment paradigm, being a three-drug regimen the standard of care for initial therapy. However, for reasons of virological plausibility, toxicity and costs, clinical researchers have explored the alternatives of switching vir...
Source: Evidence-Based Medicine - September 22, 2016 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Ripamonti, D. Tags: Sexual transmitted infections (viral), Health policy, Clinical trials (epidemiology), Immunology (including allergy), HIV/AIDS, Health economics, Health service research Therapeutics/prevention Source Type: research

Recent HIV/AIDS News from NIAID, NIH, and FDA
December 18, 2013: Animal Vaccine Study Yields Insights That May Advance HIV Vaccine Research “A vaccine study in monkeys designed to identify measurable signs that the animals were protected from infection by SIV, the monkey version of HIV, as well as the mechanism of such protection has yielded numerous insights that may advance HIV vaccine research.” Read the NIAID press release.   December 17, 2013: NIH Names Leadership, Research Units for Restructured HIV/AIDS Clinical Trials Networks “Principal investigators and clinical trials units (CTUs) have been chosen to lead and conduc...
Source: AIDSinfo At-a-Glance: Offering Information on HIV/AIDS Treatment, Prevention, and Research, A Service of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) - December 20, 2013 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: news

Metabolic abnormalities and body composition of HIV-infected children on Lopinavir or Nevirapine-based antiretroviral therapy
Conclusions Unfavourable alterations in lipid profile and triglycerides, and differences in fat are detectable in young HIV-infected South African children receiving lopinavir/ritonavir-based regimens versus those switched to nevirapine-based regimens. Interventions to mitigate these alterations are warranted to reduce long-term cardiovascular disease risk.
Source: Archives of Disease in Childhood - March 11, 2013 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Arpadi, S., Shiau, S., Strehlau, R., Martens, L., Patel, F., Coovadia, A., Abrams, E. J., Kuhn, L. Tags: Immunology (including allergy), Drugs: infectious diseases, HIV/AIDS, Drugs: cardiovascular system, Diet, Child health, Sexual health, Dermatology Original article Source Type: research