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Source: Seminars in Neurology
Condition: Thrombosis
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Total 13 results found since Jan 2013.
Neuro-Ophthalmic Visual Impairment in the Setting of COVID-19
We describe and elaborate on mechanisms of disease, including para-infectious inflammation, hypercoagulability, endothelial damage, and direct neurotropic viral invasion. Despite global vaccination programs, new variants of COVID-19 continue to pose an international threat, and patients with rare neuro-ophthalmic complications are likely to continue to present for care.Afferent complications from COVID-19 include homonymous visual field loss, with or without higher cortical visual syndromes, resulting from stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, or posterior reversible leukoencephalopathy. Optic neuritis has frequently been repo...
Source: Seminars in Neurology - June 13, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Dinkin, Marc Sathi, Swetha Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
COVID-19 and Cerebrovascular Disease
This article discusses the incidence of these cerebrovascular complications, risk factors, management strategies, prognosis and future research directions, as well as considerations in pregnancy-related cerebrovascular events in the setting of COVID-19. [...] Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. 333 Seventh Avenue, 18th Floor, New York, NY 10001, USAArticle in Thieme eJournals: Table of contents | Abstract | Full text
Source: Seminars in Neurology - May 22, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Catherine, Christina Veitinger, Julia Chou, Sherry H-Y. Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Challenging Cases in Cerebrovascular Disease
We present four cases of stroke of uncommon cause and remind clinicians to be open minded to the many possible causes of stroke, in particular because early recognition and treatment is often critical. Case 1 discusses a patient with inflammatory cerebral amyloid angiopathy. The presentation, ability to recur, and current treatment considerations are reviewed. Case 2 discusses microangiopathic thrombotic angiopathy. Diagnosis and treatment are considered. An association with interferon therapy and the evolving terminology of this and related conditions are discussed. Case 3 discusses intracranial hemorrhage secondary to ac...
Source: Seminars in Neurology - January 9, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Kelly, Michael A. Singh, Jasmine Balabanov, Alexandra Wadina, Adam Dasovic, Braden Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Anticoagulation in Acute Neurological Disease
Semin Neurol 2021; 41: 530-540 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1733793While anticoagulation and its reversal have been of clinical relevance for decades, recent academic and technological advances have expanded the repertoire of its application in neurological disease. The advent of direct oral anticoagulants provides effective, mechanistically elegant, and relatively safer therapeutic options than warfarin for eligible patients at risk for neurological sequelae of prothrombotic states, particularly given the recent availability of corresponding reversal agents. In this review, we examine the provenance, indications, safety, and rever...
Source: Seminars in Neurology - October 7, 2021 Category: Neurology Authors: Sasannejad, Cina Sheth, Kevin N. Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Atrial Fibrillation and Ischemic Stroke: A Clinical Review
Semin Neurol DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1726332Atrial fibrillation (AF) is an important risk factor for ischemic stroke resulting in a fivefold increased stroke risk and a twofold increased mortality. Our understanding of stroke mechanisms in AF has evolved since the concept of atrial cardiopathy was introduced as an underlying pathological change, with both AF and thromboembolism being common manifestations and outcomes. Despite the strong association with stroke, there is no evidence that screening for AF in asymptomatic patients improves clinical outcomes; however, there is strong evidence that patients with embolic stroke of ...
Source: Seminars in Neurology - April 13, 2021 Category: Neurology Authors: Migdady, Ibrahim Russman, Andrew Buletko, Andrew B. Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Prevalence, Mechanisms, and Management of Ischemic Stroke in Heart Failure Patients
Semin Neurol DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1726329Heart failure (HF) and stroke, two of the major causes of death worldwide, are closely associated. Although atrial fibrillation (AF), which occurs in more than half of patients with HF, is a major risk factor for stroke, there is a great deal of evidence that HF itself increases the risk of stroke independent of AF. The main mechanism of stroke appears to be thromboembolism. However, previous studies have failed to demonstrate the benefit of warfarin in patients with HF without AF, as the benefit of stroke prevention was counteracted by the increased incidence of major bleeding. Rece...
Source: Seminars in Neurology - April 13, 2021 Category: Neurology Authors: Seol, Hyeyoung Kim, Jong S. Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Tenecteplase for Acute Ischemic Stroke Treatment
Semin Neurol DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1722722The introduction of thrombolytic therapy in the 1990s has transformed acute ischemic stroke treatment. Thus far, intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) also known as alteplase is the only thrombolytic proven to be efficacious and approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration. But the thrombolytic agent tenecteplase (TNK) is emerging as a potential replacement for rt-PA. TNK has greater fibrin specificity, slower clearance, and higher resistance to plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 than rt-PA. Hence, TNK has the potential to provide superior lysis wi...
Source: Seminars in Neurology - January 20, 2021 Category: Neurology Authors: Baird, Alison E. Jackson, Richard Jin, Weijun Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Review on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome in Children and Adolescents
Semin Neurol DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1702942Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) is a clinical–radiologic diagnosis that affects children and adolescents, but it is much more frequently reported in adults. Clinically, patients present with severe and commonly recurrent thunderclap headaches. Typical precipitating triggers include vasoactive substances, serotonergic agents, and the postpartum period. There may be associated neurologic complications at presentation or in the weeks following, such as convexity subarachnoid hemorrhage, stroke, cerebral edema, cervical artery dissection (CeAD), and seizures. Angio...
Source: Seminars in Neurology - February 19, 2020 Category: Neurology Authors: Qubty, William Irwin, Samantha Lee Fox, Christine K. Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Infectious Etiologies of Stroke
Semin Neurol 2019; 39: 482-494 DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1687915Central nervous system (CNS) infections are a frequently underappreciated potential etiology of cerebrovascular disease. Highlighted in this review are a selection of infectious agents that lead to cerebrovascular complications through various mechanisms including multifocal vasculopathy, focal infiltrative vasculitis and vasospasm, and direct vessel wall invasion and thrombus formation. Diagnosis of stroke due to underlying CNS infection requires a high index of clinical suspicion and careful consideration of neuroimaging, serum, and cerebrospinal fluid studies in ...
Source: Seminars in Neurology - September 17, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: Shulman, Julie G. Cervantes-Arslanian, Anna M. Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Headache in Pregnancy, the Puerperium, and menopause
Semin Neurol 2018; 38: 627-633 DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1673681Headache is a neurologic disorder that displays gender dichotomy. It is well established that there is a strong link between migraine headache and sex hormones, specifically estrogen, which influences the severity of migraines during the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and menopause. Furthermore, the epidemiology of headaches during pregnancy and the postpartum period is very distinct from that in males or nonpregnant females, in part due to the hemodynamic and hematologic changes that occur during pregnancy. These changes put women at higher risk for cerebral venous th...
Source: Seminars in Neurology - December 6, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: Sader, Elie Rayhill, Melissa Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Cerebral Arteriopathies, Venous Thrombosis, and Migraine
Semin Neurol 2017; 37: 339-350 DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1603914In this article, the authors review stroke preventive strategies in a diverse group of conditions, namely the nonatherosclerotic cerebral arteriopathies, migraine-associated or migraine-induced stroke, and cerebral venous sinus thrombosis. Although these conditions are less common causes of stroke in the aggregate, they are frequent causes of stroke in teenagers and young adults. Aside from posing unique diagnostic challenges, their management is limited by the absence of randomized clinical trials or high-level evidence that is specific to these conditions. Therape...
Source: Seminars in Neurology - July 31, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Camargo, Erica C. S. Singhal, Aneesh B. Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Special Considerations for Primary and Secondary Stroke Prevention in Women
Semin Neurol 2017; 37: 376-382 DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1603684There are gender differences in stroke in several areas. Overall, the incidence of stroke is greater in women because of the increased risk of stroke with increasing age and the longer life expectancy of women. However, gender-specific risk factors for stroke include hormonal changes during pregnancy and exogenous hormonal therapies. Also, cerebral venous thrombosis, thrombophilia, and migraine are more prevalent in women. These gender differences are the subject of this review. [...] Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.Article in T...
Source: Seminars in Neurology - July 31, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Alrasheed, Deema Jaigobin, Cheryl Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
The Evaluation and Management of Adult Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Semin Neurol 2015; 35: 638-645DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1564687Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the most disabling and deadly form of stroke. Although mortality remains high, new data suggest that outcomes can be improved with standardized medical care. In this review, the authors outline the most up-to-date knowledge, including the results of the latest phase III clinical trials on the specialized care needed to treat patients with ICH. They provide an overview on how to achieve rapid diagnosis and the initial steps of intervention to reduce hematoma volume or prevent expansion by modifying potentially treatable conditions, su...
Source: Seminars in Neurology - November 23, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Cai, XuemeiRosand, Jonathan Source Type: research
