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Estrogen-IGF-1 interactions in neuroprotection: Ischemic Stroke as a case study.
Abstract The steroid hormone 17b-estradiol and the peptide hormone insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 independently exert neuroprotective actions in neurologic diseases such as stroke. Only a few studies have directly addressed the interaction between the two hormone systems, however, there is a large literature that indicates potentially greater interactions between the 17b-estradiol and IGF-1 systems. The present review focuses on key issues related to this interaction including IGF-1 and sex differences and common activation of second messenger systems. Using ischemic stroke as a case study, this review also fo...
Source: Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology - May 29, 2014 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Sohrabji F Tags: Front Neuroendocrinol Source Type: research

Metformin Treatment in Post-stroke Period Prevents Nitrative Stress and Restores Angiogenic Signaling in the Brain in Diabetes.
Abstract We have shown that diabetes impedes vascular repair and causes vasoregression in the brain after stroke but mechanisms underlying this response are still unclear. We hypothesized that excess peroxynitrite formation in diabetic ischemia/reperfusion injury (I/R) inactivates the p85 subunit of PI3K by nitration and diverts the PI3K-Akt-survival signal to the p38MAPkinase-apoptosis pathway. Nitrotyrosine (NY), Akt and p38 activity, p85 nitration and caspase-3 cleavage were measured in brains from control, diabetic (GK) or GK rats treated with metformin subjected to sham or stroke surgery and in brain microvas...
Source: Diabetes - December 18, 2014 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Abdelsaid M, Prakash R, Li W, Coucha M, Hafez S, Johnson MH, Fagan SC, Ergul A Tags: Diabetes Source Type: research

Diabetic microangiopathy: impact of impaired cerebral vasoreactivity and delayed angiogenesis after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion on stroke damage and cerebral repair in mice.
Abstract Diabetes increases the risk of stroke by 3, increases related mortality and delays recovery. We aimed to characterize functional and structural alterations in cerebral microvasculature before and after experimental cerebral ischemia in a mouse model of type 1 diabetes. We hypothesized that pre-existing brain microvascular disease in diabetics might partly explain increased stroke severity and impact on outcome.Diabetes was induced in 4-week-old C57Bl/6J mice by intraperitoneal injections of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg). After 8 weeks of diabetes, the vasoreactivity of the neurovascular network to CO2 was abo...
Source: Diabetes - October 6, 2014 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Poittevin M, Bonnin P, Pimpie C, Rivière L, Sebrié C, Dohan A, Pocard M, Charriaut-Marlangue C, Kubis N Tags: Diabetes Source Type: research

Metformin Treatment in the Period After Stroke Prevents Nitrative Stress and Restores Angiogenic Signaling in the Brain in Diabetes
Diabetes impedes vascular repair and causes vasoregression in the brain after stroke, but mechanisms underlying this response are still unclear. We hypothesized that excess peroxynitrite formation in diabetic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury inactivates the p85 subunit of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) by nitration and diverts the PI3K–Akt survival signal to the p38–mitogen-activated protein kinase apoptosis pathway. Nitrotyrosine (NY), Akt and p38 activity, p85 nitration, and caspase-3 cleavage were measured in brains from control, diabetic (GK), or metformin-treated GK rats subjected to sham or stroke surg...
Source: Diabetes - April 23, 2015 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Abdelsaid, M.; Prakash, R.; Li, W.; Coucha, M.; Hafez, S.; Johnson, M. H.; Fagan, S. C.; Ergul, A. Tags: Pharmacology and Therapeutics Source Type: research

Roles of Extracellular Vesicles in Cerebral Protection of Ischemic Stroke
Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 2021 Jul 19;42(3):160-170. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTStroke is the second-leading cause of death worldwide and exhibits a high disability rate. Ischemic stroke accounts for approximately 80% of all stroke cases. Inflammatory responses induced by innate immunity are involved in all stages of stroke-related injury, including early cerebral-infarction tissue repair and regeneration after ischemia. Toll-like receptors are the main receptors involved in innate immunity. Toll-like receptors specific antagonists inhibit neuroinflammation by reducing overproduction of inflammatory mediators. But there ar...
Source: Neuroendocrinology Letters - July 19, 2021 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Dingyu Rao Chengpeng Sang Zhonghong Lai Jiangning Zhong Zhixian Tang Source Type: research

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