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What Are the Main Acyanotic Congenital Heart Diseases?
Discussion Congenital heart diseases (CHD) are malformations of the heart and great vessels. It occurs in about 5-8/1000 live births. Cyanotic congenital heart disease is often noted perinatally because of cyanosis, respiratory distress and/or poor feeding or other distress type problems. A review can be found here. Acyanotic congenital heart disease (ACHD) can present at birth but often is seen in older children or adults unless the lesions are severe, especially obstructive lesions. Severe lesions may also cause cyanosis and distress type problems in patients also. Shunting lesions cause problems by diverting blood flo...
Source: PediatricEducation.org - August 17, 2020 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Pediatric Education Tags: Uncategorized Source Type: news

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in critically ill neonates and children.
Abstract Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is used as a last resort during neonatal and pediatric resuscitation in case of refractory circulatory or respiratory failure under maximum conventional therapies. Different types of ECMO can be used depending on the initial failure. The main indications for ECMO are refractory respiratory failure (acute respiratory distress syndrome, status asthmaticus, severe pneumonia, meconium aspiration syndrome, pulmonary hypertension) and refractory circulatory failure (cardiogenic shock, septic shock, refractory cardiac arrest). The main contraindications are a gestational age u...
Source: Archives de Pediatrie - April 14, 2017 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Rambaud J, Guilbert J, Guellec I, Jean S, Durandy A, Demoulin M, Amblard A, Carbajal R, Leger PL Tags: Arch Pediatr Source Type: research

What Causes Hyperammonemia?
Discussion Reye’s syndrome (RS)is named for Dr. Douglas Reye who along with Drs. G. Morgan and J. Baral described encephalopathy and fatty accumulation and degeneration in children in a 1963 Lancet article. RS usually affects children but can occur at all ages. All organs can be affected but the liver and brain are primarily affected causing liver failure and encephalopathy as toxic metabolites (especially ammonia) accumulate, and intracranial hypertension and cerebral edema occurs. As the ammonia levels begin to rise (> 100 mg/dL) patients lose their appetite, have nausea and emesis and mental status changes whic...
Source: PediatricEducation.org - February 20, 2017 Category: Pediatrics Authors: pediatriceducationmin Tags: Uncategorized Source Type: news

Different stroke(s)
A 13-year-old boy with mild learning difficulties presented to his district general hospital after an unwitnessed episode of collapse with vomiting but no loss of consciousness. He had 3 days of lethargy and intermittent occipital headaches waking him from sleep. Two days later, after another ‘funny turn’, he represented with right-side paraesthesia, weakness and word-finding difficulty. He had three previous ‘collapses’ over the last 6 months, including symptoms of transient dizziness, slurred speech, dribbling, difficulty swallowing and left-facial paraesthesia from which he had recovere...
Source: Archives of Disease in Childhood - Education and Practice - May 17, 2016 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Mundada, V., Krishnakumar, D., Chitre, M., Das, T. Tags: Oncology, Eye Diseases, Drugs: cardiovascular system, Echocardiography, Headache (including migraine), Infection (neurology), Neurooncology, Pain (neurology), Stroke, Hypertension, Ophthalmology, Valvar diseases, Radiology, Rheumatology, Dermatology, Clin Source Type: research

What is the Remission Rate for Antithyroid Drug Treatment for Hyperthyroidism in Children?
Discussion The thyroid gland secrets two hormones – T4 which is a prohormone and T3 which is the biologically active hormone. Receptors for T3 are found in nearly all body tissues. T3 regulates metabolism and energy production. Organs most affected are the heart, liver and central nervous system as well as growth of the fetus and child. Hyperthyroidism is common with a prevalence rate of about 1-2% for women and 0.2% for men. The most common cause of thyrotoxicosis is Grave’s disease where autoantibodies to thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) exist. These autoantibodies attach to thyroid tissue TSH receptors and...
Source: PediatricEducation.org - January 26, 2015 Category: Pediatrics Authors: pediatriceducationmin Tags: Uncategorized Source Type: news

When Can A Child Start Strength Training?
Discussion Exercise is an important part of health and daily life. A review of recommendations for general exercise for children and adults can be found here. Many people use pedometers as a marker of their activity and a list of activities and their equivalent steps can be found here. The benefits of strength training includes improved performance, injury prevention and rehabilitation, improved cardiovascular fitness, improved bone mineral density, improved blood lipid profiles and mental health. Improvements in strength can be found in properly structured programs of at least 8 weeks duration occurring at least 1-2 time...
Source: PediatricEducation.org - May 12, 2014 Category: Pediatrics Authors: pediatriceducationmin Tags: Uncategorized Source Type: news

Subconcussive blows and soccer: what’s the headache?
As the fall sports ramps up, teen athletes across the country are donning shin guards and cleats, prepping to return to their beloved sport—soccer. A handful, however, are foregoing the ritual. One child sitting on the sidelines is the 13-year old daughter of Ken Reed, sports policy director of the League of Fans. Reed and his wife decided the risk of short- and long-term brain damage from subconcussive blows to the head outweighed the benefits of the sport. They pulled their daughter from the field, a decision Reed shared on this recent Huffington Post blog. Thriving checked with William Meehan, MD, director of Boston C...
Source: Thrive, Children's Hospital Boston - September 25, 2013 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Lisa Fratt Tags: All posts Concussions Orthopedics Sports & exercise athlete and concussion Bill Meehan soccer injuries Sports Concussion Clinic Source Type: news

Six Ways to Give Your Child a Healthy Heart for Life
February is heart month—a great time to think about heart health. While we tend to think of heart disease as a problem of adults, it can start in childhood—and the health habits of childhood have everything to do with heart health in adulthood. So as we finish up February, here are six things that parents can do to give their children the best chance of a healthy heart for life: Keep your child at a healthy weight. Being overweight increases the risk of heart disease. We are seeing some of the early changes of heart disease in overweight children—and being overweight as a child increases the likelihood of being overw...
Source: Thrive, Children's Hospital Boston - February 26, 2013 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Claire McCarthy Tags: Childhood obesity Claire McCarthy, MD Exercise Health & wellness Healthful eating Parenting heart disease heart health heart month preventing heart disease Source Type: news