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Stroke: A retrospective review of the incidence and epidemiology in a South African academic hospital emergency department
CONCLUSIONS: Stroke is an important healthcare concern for SA. Our study demonstrated a lower mean age of patients presenting with stroke compared with high- and upper middle-income countries, and a higher proportion of haemorrhagic strokes. Several modifiable risk factors such as hypertension and diabetes were identified. Data collection on a regional and national level is important to drive targeted healthcare initiatives.PMID:34949308 | DOI:10.7196/SAMJ.2021.v111i12.15682
Source: South African Medical Journal - December 24, 2021 Category: African Health Authors: S Tribelhorn F Motara C M Lewis Source Type: research

Registration of amiloride in South Africa: Cutting the Gordian knot.
Authors: Rayner BL, Spence JD, Bryer A, Mpe MT Abstract Amiloride is an antagonist of the renal tubular epithelial sodium channel (ENaC). As such, it is a diuretic that is both potassium and magnesium sparing. It is used for the treatment of potassium depletion and hypertension, and is the specific therapy for hypertension due to overactivity of the ENaC (Liddle syndrome and several additional genetic causes of the Liddle phenotype - low renin and low aldosterone). It is listed as a World Health Organization essential drug, but has never been registered in South Africa (SA) and can therefore only be prescribed unde...
Source: South African Medical Journal - October 24, 2019 Category: African Health Tags: S Afr Med J Source Type: research

Important complications of chronic kidney disease.
Authors: Van der Walt I, Swanepoel CR, Mahala B, Meyers AM Abstract The complications of chronic kidney disease (CKD) are dyslipidaemia, hyperkalaemia, metabolic acidosis, anaemia, and bone and mineraldisorders. Dyslipidaemia may be treated with low-density lipoprotein-lowering agents. Statins are ineffective in stages 4 and 5 CKD, but areindicated for preventing the progression of disease in the earlier stages. Chronic acidosis has recently been shown to be a risk factor in theprogression of CKD renal dysfunction. Therefore, treatment is mandatory. Practically, this should consist of 1 - 2 heaped teaspoons of sodi...
Source: South African Medical Journal - August 22, 2015 Category: African Health Tags: S Afr Med J Source Type: research

Significance, definition, classification and risk factors of chronic kidney disease in South Africa.
The objective of diagnosing CKD lies in its future prevention, earlydetection and proper treatment, which will prevent or delay functional deterioration.Primary hypertension (PH) occurs in 25% of South Africa (SA)'s black population and is the putative cause of stage 5 CKD in 40 - 60%of these patients. Moreover, in this group, stage 5 CKD occurs at a relatively young age (35 - 45 years) compared with other populationgroups in whom stage 5 CKD resulting from PH usually occurs between 60 and 70 years of age. In the cohort study, PH has been found in12 - 16% of black school learners (mean age 17 years) compared with 1.8 - 2% ...
Source: South African Medical Journal - August 22, 2015 Category: African Health Tags: S Afr Med J Source Type: research

Omega-3 fatty acids for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease.
CONCLUSIONS: According to moderate- to high-certainty evidence, short-chain fatty acids and LCn3 have little or no effect on mortality or cardiovascular health. However, omega-3 ALA slightly reduces the risk of CVD events and arrhythmias. PMID: 33403957 [PubMed - in process]
Source: South African Medical Journal - January 7, 2021 Category: African Health Tags: S Afr Med J Source Type: research

Economic growth as an underlying probable systemic driver for childhood obesity in South Africa: A Joinpoint regression and ecological analysis over 10 years
CONCLUSIONS: An increase in childhood and adolescent obesity over time was observed, while trend associations between obesity and EGIs exist.PMID:33944743 | DOI:10.7196/SAMJ.2021.v111i3.14669
Source: South African Medical Journal - May 4, 2021 Category: African Health Authors: P T Pisa N M Pisa P Chikandiwa A Chikandiwa Source Type: research

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